摘要
本文基于构式语法理论,以日语复合助词“として”为例,试图探究其论元特质。我们认为,“として”既能作必有论元,也能作非必有论元。首先,“として”在主谓构式、致使—结果构式中作必有论元,除此之外作非必有论元,语义可指向主格、宾格、动词短语;其次,“として”作必有论元的理据在于对主谓构式中主格特征、致使—结果构式中结果短语特征的继承性,当其无法占据主格和结果短语的位置时,就只能作非必有论元;最后,主谓构式下“として”的功能是凸显主格的资格、立场,分“としては”和“として”两种形式。前者彰显“主客合一”,后者用于移情和弱化言者个人主观性。致使—结果构式下“として”一方面对前接名词进行筛选,将结果限定为资格、立场的变化,另一方面填补补语结果句缺失的补语语义。作为非必有论元的“として”,既能作背景信息,又能作前景信息,前者凸显“として”前接名词的描述性语义,后者凸显关涉性语义。
Based on the theory of construction grammar,this article explores the argument properties of the Japanese compound auxiliary particle‘toshite'.We believe that toshite'can function as both obligatory and non-obligatory arguments.First,in the subject-predicate construction and the cause-result construction,‘toshite'functions as an obligatory argument.In other constructions,it functions as a non-obligatory argument and can semantically refer to the subject,object or verb phrase.Second,the argument status of'toshite'being obligatory is based on its inheritance of the subject feature in the subject-predicate construction and the result phrase feature in the cause-result construction.When it cannot occupy the positions of the subject or the result phrase,it can only function as a non-obligatory argument.Finally,in the subject-predicate construction,‘toshite'serves to emphasize the qualifications and perspectives of the subject and can be divided into two forms:toshitewa'and‘toshite'.The former highlights the unity of subject and object,while the latter is used for(1)empathy and(2)weakening the speaker's personal subjectivity.In the cause-result construction,‘toshite'(1)selects the preceding noun and restricts the result to changes in qualifications and perspectives and(2)fills the semantic gap in the complement phrase of the result clause.As a non-obligatory argument,'toshite'can function as both background and foreground information.In the former case,it emphasizes the descriptive semantics of the noun,while in the latter case,it highlights involved semantics.
作者
张晶
Zhang Jing(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《外语学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期74-81,共8页
Foreign Language Research
基金
北京大学桐山教育基金研究资助的阶段性成果。
关键词
复合助词
として
构式
必有论元
非必有论元
功能
compound auxiliary particle
toshite
construction
obligatory argument
non-obligatory argument
function
