摘要
为保障国家能源安全,减少我国对国外油气资源的依存度,必须加大对国内天然气等资源的开发。在天然气的开采净化过程中,往往会产生酸气H_(2)S与CO_(2)等。现有酸气处理技术主要通过克劳斯工艺回收得到H_(2)S中的硫黄,并未对CO_(2)进行处理,造成了氢资源的浪费和严重的碳排放。如果能将H_(2)S与CO_(2)协同转化,则有望在减少碳排放的同时得到氢气、合成气和硫黄高值化学品。本文基于国内外30多年相关领域的实验研究和理论模拟,总结阐述了H_(2)S与CO_(2)协同转化的发展历史,并分别从热反应(直接热反应、工艺流程和经济性评估、催化热分解)、光催化、电催化和等离子体催化角度详细综述了H_(2)S与CO_(2)协同转化的研究进展。从催化剂、反应条件和反应产物分布等方面展开了细致的分析,对比了各种技术的优缺点。展望了H_(2)S与CO_(2)协同转化的发展趋势,近期可考虑使用绿电进行电催化技术的小规模应用示范;同时可以考虑通过太阳光储热的方式减小热催化技术的碳排放,或通过太阳能聚光等方式提升光催化技术的催化效率等。此外,在后续研究中,必须结合酸性气藏的特点,考虑不同的H_(2)S/CO_(2)比例或是H_(2)O等杂质分子对反应过程的影响。
In order to ensure national energy security and reduce our dependence on foreign oil and gas resources,it is necessary to enhance the exploration of domestic natural gas and other resources.During the exploitation and purification of natural gas,acid gas H_(2)S and CO_(2) are often produced.Existing acid gas treatment technologies mainly recover the sulfur in H_(2)S through the Claus process,which leaves CO_(2) untreated and results in the waste of hydrogen and serious carbon emissions.If H_(2)S and CO_(2) can be synergistically converted,it is expected to reduce carbon emissions and obtain high-value chemicals such as hydrogen,syngas and sulfur simultaneously.Based on the experimental and theoretical researches of more than 30 years in related fields worldwide,this paper reviews the development history of synergistic conversion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),and summarizes the relevant research progress from the perspectives of thermal reaction(direct thermal reaction,process flow and economic evaluation,catalytic thermal decomposition),photocatalysis,electrocatalysis and plasma catalysis.Detailed information on catalysts,reaction conditions and distribution of reaction products is presented,and the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are compared.The development trend of the synergistic conversion of H_(2)S and CO_(2) is prospected and the use of green electricity for small-scale application of electrocatalysis technology in the near future is suggested.At the same time,it is feasible to reduce the carbon emission of thermal catalytic technology through solar heat storage and improve the photocatalytic efficiency through concentration of solar energy.In addition,it is necessary to consider the characteristics of acid gas reservoirs in future studies,including the influence of different H_(2)S/CO_(2) ratios and impurities such as H_(2)O on the reaction process.
作者
于姗
张洪华
付梦瑶
段元刚
段超
黄靖元
唐春
黄泽皑
周莹
YU Shan;ZHANG Honghua;FU Mengyao;DUAN Yuangang;DUAN Chao;HUANG Jingyuan;TANG Chun;HUANG Ze’ai;ZHOU Ying(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China;School of New Energy and Materials,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China)
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期6507-6517,共11页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
基金
国家自然科学基金(22002123,22211530070,22178291,22109132)
四川省科技厅项目(2022YFSY0052,2022NSFSC1264,23NSFSC0217)。
关键词
催化
硫化氢
二氧化碳
化学反应
活性
catalysis
hydrogen sulfide
carbon dioxide
chemical reaction
reactivity
