摘要
资本主义现代性批判是贯穿西方马克思主义理论史的主题之一。西方马克思主义围绕现代性价值体系及其内在发展逻辑主要形成三条批判理路:一是哲学维度的理性主义批判。针对启蒙理性这一资本主义现代性的精神内核,西方马克思主义提出了让现代性的理性理念以完整形态得以正确应用的发展方案和主张“瓦解的逻辑”的否定方案,在关于启蒙“再启蒙”的思辨中走向重建与解构的分野。二是经济学维度的普遍异化批判。从“物化”到“新异化”,西方马克思主义揭示资本主义从实体经济到虚拟经济时代社会关系异化普遍化的进程,以价值批判立场要求人的本质和社会本质的复归。三是政治学维度的极权主义批判。从“新控制形式”到“生命政治”,西方马克思主义揭批资本主义民主政治的虚假性及现代官僚政治体制的极权主义危机,对现代政治持怀疑与否定态度,将建基于主体间包容性的参与式民主与新社会运动视为个体与共同体“和解”之路与期许。总的来看,西方马克思主义的百年资本主义现代性批判理路凸显了马克思主义理论在西方社会本土化中的批判特色,但其马克思主义底色的缺失和对马克思主义本色的销蚀则需引以为戒。
The critique of capitalist modernity is one of the themes that runs through the history of Western Marxist theory.Western Marxism mainly addresses three critical paths around the value system of modernity and its internal development logic.The first path is the dialectical critique of rationalism in the philosophical dimension.In view of Enlightenment rationality,the spiritual core of capitalist modernity,Western Marxism put forward a development plan to correctly apply the rationality of modernity in a complete form and a plan of denial on the advocacy of the""logic of disintegration".In the speculation about the"re-Enlightenment"of Enlightenment,it moves towards the division into reconstructionism and deconstructionism.The second path is the general critique of alienation in the economic dimension.From"materialization"to"new alienation"',Western Marxism reveals the process of the alienation and universalization of social relations in the era of capitalism from the real economy to the virtual economy,and calls for the restoration of the essence of human beings and the essence of society from the standpoint of value criticism.The third one is the critique of totalitarianism in the dimension of political science.From"new forms of control"to"biopolitics",Western Marxism exposes the falsity of capitalist democratic politics and the totalitarian crisis of the modern bureaucratic political system.It takes a skeptical and negative attitude towards modern politics,and regards participatory democracy and new social movements based on inter-subjective inclusiveness as the path and pursuit of"reconciliation"between individuals and communities.In general,the century-old critique of capitalist modernity from Western Marxism highlights the critical characteristics of Marxist theory in localizing it in the Western society,while its lack of Marxist background and erosion of the true nature of Marxism need to be taken as a warning.
作者
孙颖
韩秋红
Sun Ying;Han Qiuhong(Faculty of Marxism,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130024,China)
出处
《教学与研究》
北大核心
2023年第12期109-119,共11页
Teaching and Research
基金
教育部人文社科重大课题攻关项目“当代西方资本主义批判理论的新进展研究”(项目号:20JZD008)
教育部人文社科青年基金项目“西方马克思主义资本主义现代性批判理路研究”(项目号:22YJC710060)的阶段性成果。
