摘要
第三方干预是维持和发展社会规范的关键力量,对整个人类群体具有进化意义。补偿和惩罚是第三方干预的两种主要形式,二者均是维护社会规范的重要力量,具有恢复得失平衡以及促进规范遵从的积极作用。研究者广泛认可威慑效应是第三方惩罚促进规范遵从的主要作用机制,然而也有许多研究结果与该假说相悖。除威慑作用外,第三方干预行为作为高代价信号,也具有澄清社会规范、改变人们规范知觉的作用,这暗示着信号效应可能也是第三方干预促进规范遵从的重要作用机制。探究第三方惩罚促进规范遵从的边界条件、检验第三方补偿等非破坏性措施在维护社会规范方面的有效性是未来研究的重要方向。
Third-party intervention is crucial in maintaining and developing social norms with evolutionary implications for humans.Compensation and punishment are the two main forms of third-party intervention and important forces for maintaining social norms by restoring the balance of gains and losses and promoting norm compliance.The deterrent effect is widely recognized by researchers as the main mechanism by which third-party punishment promotes norm compliance.However,several studies contradict this hypothesis.Moreover,as a costly signal,third-party interventions can clarify social norms and adjust individuals’perceptions of them.This indicates that the signaling effect may also be an important mechanism for third-party interventions to promote norm compliance.Future research must explore the boundary conditions for the impact of third-party punishment on norm compliance and test the effectiveness of third-party compensation in maintaining social norms.
作者
郭禹辰
刘艳彬
程远
GUO Yuchen;LIU Yanbin;CHENG Yuan(School of Business,NingboTech University,Ningbo 315100,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期151-161,共11页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目资助(21&ZD184)。
关键词
第三方干预
第三方惩罚
第三方补偿
社会规范
威慑效应
信号效应
third-party intervention
third-party punishment
third-party compensation
social norms
deterrence effect
signaling effect
