摘要
道路积尘/扬尘是城市环境空气颗粒物的重要来源。为促进成都市公园城市的建设,通过模拟实验探究不同清扫保洁作业方式与道路积尘/扬尘间的关系。结果表明,当积尘负荷和尘土量较高时,单一的作业方式中“干扫”对积尘负荷(86.78%)及尘土量(66.95%)的清除效率均最高,但人群感官体验较差;“洗扫”效果次于“干扫”,但人群感官体验较好。清扫保洁作业组合方式优先选择“干扫+冲洗”“洗扫+冲洗”。当积尘负荷和尘土量较低时,单一的作业方式“干扫”或“洗扫”即可。道路清扫作业期间,路边大气中TSP、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的质量浓度上升20%左右;清扫完成5~10 min后,路边大气中颗粒物浓度基本不受影响。建议道路清扫作业车辆可通过增加隔板或扬尘收集罩等装置改造以便推广清扫效果较好的“干扫”,可引入抑尘剂/消融剂等新型材料或新技术去除道路两侧道路构造内嵌入的老旧、压实的残土,切实提高人群感官舒适度,保护人体健康。
Road dust and fugitive dust are important sources of particulate matter in urban ambient air.In order to promote the construction of Chengdu park city,the relationship between different cleaning methods and road dust and fugitive dust was explored through simulation experiments.The results showed that when the dust load and dust volume were high,the single operation method of“dry sweeping”had the highest removal efficiency for both the dust load(86.78%)and dust volume(66.95%),but the sensory experience of the crowd was poor.The effect of“washing and sweeping”was inferior to“dry sweeping”,but the sensory experience of the crowd was better.Priority should be given to selecting the combination method of“dry sweeping+washing”and“washing sweeping+washing”.When the dust load and amount were low,a single operation method of“dry sweeping”or“washing sweeping”was sufficient.During the road cleaning operation,the mass concentrations of TSP,PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)in the roadside atmosphere increased by about 20%;After 5-10 minutes of cleaning,the concentration of particulate matter in the roadside atmosphere would not be affected.It was suggested that the road cleaning vehicles could be improved by adding partitions or dust collection covers and other devices to promote the“dry cleaning”with high cleaning efficiency.New materials or new technologies such as dust suppressor and ablation agent could be introduced to remove the old and compacted residual soil embedded in the road structure on both sides of the road,that could effectively improve the sensory comfort of the crowd and protect human health.
作者
张发闯
熊远明
杜成松
蒋宇
汪永东
周敬
印红玲
ZHANG Fachuang;XIONG Yuanming;DU Chengsong;JIANG Yu;WANG Yongdong;ZHOU Jing;YIN Hongling(Chengdu Sciences Academy of Urban Management,Chengdu Sichuan 610015;College of Resources and Environment,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu Sichuan 610225;Chengdu Motor Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Support Center,Chengdu Sichuan 610000)
出处
《环境卫生工程》
2023年第6期97-104,共8页
Environmental Sanitation Engineering
基金
成都市政府系统重大课题(B36960510202100108)。
关键词
清扫方式
道路扬尘
积尘负荷
尘土量
清除效率
颗粒物
cleaning method
road dust
dust load
amount of dust
removal efficiency
particulate matter
