摘要
木薯是全球第六大粮食作物,也是中国华南地区重要的经济作物,相关产业在当地农业经济中占有重要地位。木薯种植中,田间各种频繁发生的病害常造成严重的经济损失,是生产中必须关注的重要问题。本文简要回顾了木薯病害研究在建国后至20世纪80年代缓慢发展阶段,20世纪90年代至21世纪10年代快速发展阶段,以及21世纪10年代后高速发展阶段的进展情况,同时着重介绍了最新研究进展。当前,为害中国木薯的病害有4类11种,细菌性萎蔫病为害最为严重,褐斑病发生面积最大,而国际木薯第一大病害——花叶病(类)已入侵中国内地地区,中国热带农业科学院等机构已开展了木薯病害数据库建设和智能监测技术研究。在危险性病害预警方面,国内开展了5种病害风险评估,主要针对花叶病和褐条病的抗性评价、致害机理、检测方法等方面的研究。在细菌性萎蔫病方面,相关机构开展了监测技术、病原菌基因组序列测序和致病(及抗铜)机理、病原种群遗传变异、抗病种质鉴选及抗性机理等方面的研究,也进行了有效药剂筛选和高效施药、生物防治及种茎消毒等防治技术的研发和推广工作。对于花叶病,国内已明确其发生范围、病毒种类、远距离扩散关键因子,并在病毒致害机理、田间传播机制方面取得重要进展。同时,本文还介绍了褐斑病等7种常见病害监控方面的研究进展。随着国民经济的发展,中国木薯产业出现食用化、规模化等趋势,以及在参与机构数量及科研进展速度、多学科融合的助推作用,并对研发新热点等方面进行了展望。本文有助于相关从业人员更好地了解中国木薯病害发生现状及当前研究进展,也为热区其他作物病害监控技术的研发与应用提供借鉴。
Cassava is the sixth-important grain crop in the world and the major cash crop in Southern China.Now cas-sava related industries play an important role in the local agricultural economy.Various kinds of diseases often happen and cause serious economic losses in the field,which become an important issue.This paper briefly reviewed the pro-gress of cassava disease research,including the slow development stage from the founding of the P.R China to the 1980s,the fast development stage from the 1990s to the 2010s,and the rapid development stage after the 2010s.The latest research progress is the core part of this paper.Currently,there are four categories and eleven kinds of diseases that harm cassava in China.Cassava bacterial blight(CBB)is the most serious disease,and brown leaf spot occures in the largest area.Cassava mosaic disease(CMD)is the worst disease in the world,which has invaded China's Mainland.Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences and other institutions have launched the research of disease data-base construction and intelligent monitoring technology.The researcher had estimated the risk of five kinds of danger-ous disease to cassava planting industry of China.For CMD and cassava brown streak disease,the research on the re-sistance evaluation of the main varieties,damage mechanism of virus,and detection methods were studied.As far as CBB,monitoring technology,genome sequencing of pathogen,pathogenic and copper resistant mechanisms,genetic variation of pathogen populations,selection of resistant germplasm and its function mechanism were investigated.The effective bactericide for CBB was screened,the efficient spraying and biological control technology were formed,along with the stem disinfection method was popularized in the field.In term of CMD,the occurrence area,virus identification,key factors for long range diffusion were confirmed in China,and significant advance was achieved in virus damage and propagation mechanism.The advance of monitoring and control technology on another seven kinds
作者
时涛
李超萍
王国芬
黄贵修
SHI Tao;LI Chaoping;WANG Guofen;HUANG Guixiu(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Integrated Pest Man-agement on Tropical Grops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期2355-2368,共14页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
国家木薯产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-11)
海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(No.2019RC274,No.2019RC285)。
关键词
中国
木薯
病害
研究历史
监测技术
防控方法
China
cassava
disease
research history
monitoring technology
control method
