摘要
东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地,近年来面临水土流失严重、面积减小、土壤质量下降等问题,已成为目前土壤保护工作中亟待解决的重要问题。以东北黑土区2018年和2022年两期遥感影像与水土保持措施的实地调查数据作为数据源,利用目视识别法开展影像解译,并通过中国土壤流失方程CSLE进行土壤侵蚀模数的计算,对东北黑土区的水土流失变化情况及原因进行分析,结果表明:耕地、草地、建设用地、其他土地面积减少,园地、林地、交通运输用地、水域及水利设施用地面积增加,造林、种草、封育、地埂、水平阶/反坡梯田等面积共增加0.84万km^(2);对比2018—2022年东北黑土区的水土流失情况,整体呈向好趋势,土壤侵蚀面积共减少约1.01万km^(2);从侵蚀强度来看,除轻度侵蚀面积增加约0.45万km^(2)外,中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀面积分别减少约0.43万、0.24万、0.28万、0.51万km^(2);从不同省份侵蚀面积变化情况分析,内蒙古自治区东四盟的侵蚀面积减少最多,共减少约0.37万km^(2),辽宁省侵蚀面积变化最小,共减少约0.06万km^(2);耕地、建设用地等土地利用类型面积的减少,以及林地、交通运输用地等土地利用类型面积的增加,均可大幅减少土壤侵蚀面积,同时水土保持措施面积的增加也可有效阻止土壤侵蚀的发生。总体来看,东北黑土区水土流失治理效果显著,生态环境得到改善,持续进行东北黑土区水土流失治理对环境保护具有重要意义。
The black soil area of Northeast China is an important commodity grain base in China.In recent years,it has faced serious soil erosion,reduced area,and decreased soil quality,which has become the important problem that needs to be solved in soil conservation work.Using remote sensing images in 2018 and 2022 and field survey data of soil and water conservation measures in the black soil area of Northeast Chi-na as data sources,the paper developed images interpretation by visual recognition method,calculated the soil erosion modulus by the Chi-nese Soil Loss Equation,and analyzed the variation and causes of soil erosion and water loss in the black soil area of Northeast China.The outcomes show that a)the areas of farmland,grassland,construction land and other land decrease and the areas of garden land,forest land,transportation land,water and water conservancy facilities rgeion increase.The total area of afforestation,grass planting,enclosure,ter-races,and horizontal stage/back-slope terraces has increased by 8400 km^(2);b)the overall situation of soil erosion and water loss in the black soil area of Northeast China showed the good trend from 2018 to 2022,with the total reduction area of soil erosion of about 10100 km^(2);c)except for the area of mild erosion increased by about 4500 km^(2),the area of moderate,intensive,extremely intensive,and severe erosion has decreased by about 4300,2400,2800,and 5100 km^(2) respectively;d)the erosion area of four leagues in the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has decreased the most,with the total decrease area of about 3700 km^(2),while the erosion area in Liaoning Province has changed the least,with the total decrease area of about 600 km^(2);e)the reduction of land use areas such as farmland and construction land,as well as the increase of land use areas such as forest land and transportation land can significantly reduce the area of soil erosion.At the same time,the increase of soil and water conservation measures can effectively prevent soil erosion.Soil erosion an
作者
张继真
姜艳艳
张月
ZHANG Jizhen;JIANG Yanyan;ZHANG Yue(Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center Station of Songliao River Basin,Songliao River Water Resources Commission of Ministry of Water Resources,Changchun,Jilin 130021,China;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China)
出处
《中国水土保持》
2024年第1期26-29,I0005,共5页
Soil and Water Conservation in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500800)。
关键词
水土流失
动态监测
遥感技术
中国土壤流失方程
东北黑土区
soil erosion and water loss
dynamic monitoring
remote sensing technology
the Chinese Soil Loss Equation
the black soil area of Northeast China
