摘要
为系统了解黑龙江上游右岸一级支流呼玛河(E122°03'~126°43',N51°15'~52°45')大型底栖动物群落结构与水质状况,2020年春季(5月)和秋季(9月)采用常规方法,对呼玛河进行了2次生态调查。共采集大型底栖动物81种,隶属于13目42科,其中水生昆虫最多66种,占总物种数81.48%,扁形动物最少仅有1种,占总物种数1.24%。调查期间,大型底栖动物平均密度为341.86 ind·m-2,平均生物量为13.30 g·m-2,春季平均密度和生物量均高于秋季。相对重要指数排名前10位的大型底栖动物以水生昆虫为主,其中2季共有的优势种为细蜉(Caenis sp.)、Dipteromimus sp.、科恩阿石蝇(Tadamus kohnonis)、津氏突长角石蚕(Ceraclea tsudai)和阿萨同石蝇(Isoperla asakawae)。春季大型底栖动物Pielou指数、Shannon-Weiner指数和Simpson指数均高于秋季。K-优势曲线表明,春季个体较秋季更为丰富均匀。水质理化评价表明,呼玛河水质介于II类水至III类水之间,BI指数表明,呼玛河水质处于极清洁至清洁等级,对比BI指数和Shannon-Weiner指数前者更适于对呼玛河进行水质生物评价,且BI指数与氨氮、总氮和总磷线性拟合关系呈极显著,与溶解氧呈显著。典范对应分析表明,影响呼玛河大型底栖动物群落的主要水环境因子为溶解氧、氨氮和总磷等,其中多数大型底栖动物EPT类群与溶解氧呈正相关,而与氨氮、总磷和总氮呈负相关,摇蚊幼虫等底栖动物与氨氮和亚硝态氮呈正相关,而与溶解氧呈负相关。
In order to systematically understand the community structure and water quality of macrobenthos in the Huma River(E122°03'~126°43',N51°15'~52°45'),first-level tributary in Heilongjiang upstream right bank,two ecological surveys were conducted on the Huma River in spring(May)and autumn(September)of 2020 using conventional methods.A total of 81 species of macrobenthos were collected,belonging to 13 orders and 42 families,of which 66 species of aquatic insects were the most,accounting for 81.48%of the total,at least Platyhelminthes,only one species,accounting for 1.24%of the total species.During the survey,there was average density of 341.86 ind·m-2,and the average biomass of 13.30 g·m-2 in macrobenthos,higher average density and biomass in spring than those in autumn.The top 10 macrobenthos in the relative importance index were mainly aquatic insects,among which the dominant species shared by the two seasons were Caenis sp.,Dipteromimus sp.,Tadamus kohnonis,Ceraclea tsudai and Isoperla asakawae.The Pielou index,Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson index of macrobenthos were shown to be higher in spring than those in autumn,and the K-dominance curve indicated that individuals were more abundant and uniform in spring than in autumn.The physical and chemical evaluation of water quality showed that the water quality of Huma River was between Class II and Class III water.Compared with the BI index and the Shannon-Weiner index,the former was more suitable for the biological evaluation of the water quality of the Huma River,and the linear fitting relationship between the BI index and ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus was very significant,significant with dissolved oxygen.Compared with the BI index and the Shannon-Weiner index,the former was more suitable for the biological evaluation of the water quality of the Huma River,and the linear fitting relationship between the BI index and ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus was extremely significant,significant with dissolved oxygen.The BI i
作者
窦乾明
王慧博
宋聃
都雪
王乐
黄晓丽
赵晨
霍堂斌
DOU Qianming;WANG Huibo;SONG Dan;DU Xue;WANG Le;HUANG Xiaoli;ZHAO Chen;HUO Tangbin(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China;National Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《水产学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第6期52-60,共9页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
基金
农业财政专项(东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查).
关键词
大型底栖动物
呼玛河
群落结构
水质生物评价
环境因子
macrobenthos
Huma River
community structure
biological evaluation of water quality
environmental factor
