摘要
【目的】探明枝条原位还田处理方式对葡萄霜霉病发病率及其产质量的影响,为生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】以不进行枝条还田为CK,采用田间试验方法,研究枝条原位还田不同处理〔T_(1)(0)、T_(2)(尿素225 kg/hm^(2))、T_(3)(尿素225 kg/hm^(2)、负载营养微生物菌剂60 kg/hm^(2))、T_(4)(尿素225 kg/hm^(2)、负载营养微生物菌剂60 kg/hm^(2)、土壤调理剂300 kg/hm^(2))〕对葡萄霜霉病、生长势及产质量的影响。【结果】枝条原位还田葡萄霜霉病的发病率和病情指数均值较CK分别低19.24百分点和9.75,以T_(4)效果最佳;葡萄叶面积、SPAD值和比叶重均值较CK分别高6.15 cm 2、3.69和4.21 mg/cm 2,以T_(4)效果最佳;单果重、单穗重和产量分别较CK高4.38%~12.11%、0.38%~6.83%和0.71%~9.81%,均以T_(4)最高。果实感官、香味、滋味综合得分依次为T_(4)(93.7分)>T_(3)(84.4分)>T_(2)(81.4分)>T_(1)(75.0分)>CK(63.2分);固形物、Vc和氨基酸总量分别为15.3~18.9,28.1~39.6 mg/100g和205.22~312.09 mg/100g,均以T_(4)最高,CK最低;可滴定酸为0.27%~0.29%,CK最高,T_(4)最低;葡萄N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn含量分别为0.66~1.12 g/kg、0.76~1.63 g/kg、0.38~1.15 g/kg、106.54~303.59 mg/kg、320.26~658.15 mg/kg、11.61~53.69 mg/kg和2.10~3.29 mg/kg,均以T_(4)最高,CK最低。【结论】枝条原位还田可降低葡萄霜霉病发病率及病情指数,有利于葡萄生长及产质量的提高。
【Objective】The effects of branch in-situ returning to the field on the incidence of downy mildew,yield and quality of grape were explored to provide the scientific basis for the application in the production.【Method】Taking non-branch returning to the field as CK,four treatments〔T_(1)(0),T_(2)(225 kg/hm^(2)urea),T_(3)(225 kg/hm^(2)urea+60 kg/hm^(2)microbial agent with nutrition)and T_(4)(225 kg/hm^(2)urea+60 kg/hm^(2)microbial agent with nutrition+300 kg/hm^(2)soil conditioner)〕were set up during field experiment,and the effects of different treatments of branches in-situ returning to the field on downy mildew,growth potential,yield and quality of grape were studied.【Result】The mean values of incidence and disease index of grape downy mildew under the treatment of branch in-situ returning to the field were 19.24 percents point and 9.75 lower than CK,and T_(4) had the best effect;The mean values of leaf area,SPAD and specific leaf weight of grape were 6.15 cm 2,3.69 and 4.21 mg/cm 2 higher than those of CK,respectively,and T_(4) had the best effect;The single fruit weight,single ear weight and yield increased by 4.38%-12.11%,0.38%-6.83%and 0.71%-9.81%compared with CK,respectively,among which T_(4) were the highest.The comprehensive scores of fruit sensory,aroma and taste followed T_(4)(93.7)>T_(3)(84.4)>T_(2)(81.4)>T_(1)(75.0)>CK(63.2);The solid,Vc and amino acid contents were respectively 15.3-18.9,28.1-39.6 mg/100g and 205.22-312.09 mg/100g,among which T_(4) were the highest,and CK were the lowest;The titratable acid was 0.27%-0.29%,with highest in CK and lowest in T_(4);The contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn in grape were 0.66-1.12 g/kg,0.76-1.63 g/kg,0.38-1.15 g/kg,106.54-303.59 mg/kg,320.26-658.15 mg/kg,11.61-53.69 mg/kg and 2.10-3.29 mg/kg,respectively,with the highest in T_(4) and lowest in CK.【Conclusion】The treatment of branch in-situ returning to the field could reduce the incidence and disease index of grape downy mildew,help the grape growth and increase the yield and quality.
作者
韦茂春
李祥
韩智勇
鄂涛
李艳
姚义清
罗银浩
WEI Maochun;LI Xiang;HAN Zhiyong;E Tao;LI Yan;YAO Yiqing;LUO Yinhao(Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530000;School of Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021;School of Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059;School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering,Bohai University,Jinzhou,Liaoning 121000;Xi’an Botanical Garden,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000;College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Luoyinhao Agricultural Cultivation and Farmers’Professional Cooperative,Fufeng,Shaanxi 722200,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2023年第12期31-38,共8页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目“苹果枝条资源化利用关键技术集成与示范”(2019XY-03)
陕西省重点研发计划项目“秸秆资源在农田土壤的综合利用技术开发与示范”(2019ZDLNY01-05-02,2023-ZDLNY-02),“残次水果肥料化技术研究”(2023-YBNY-257)
广西重点研发计划项目“蔬菜废弃物肥料化技术研究与应用示范”(桂科ABl9259016)
陕西省林业科学院项目“经济林枝条(落叶)最佳肥料化模式构建及推广应用研究”(SXLK2020-0218)
西安市科技计划项目“秸秆资源在农田土壤的综合利用技术开发与示范”(20193051YF039NS039)
咸阳市重点研发计划项目“蔬菜尾菜肥料化技术研究与示范”(S2021ZDYF-GY-0590)。
关键词
葡萄
枝条原位还田
霜霉病
发病率
病情指数
产量
品质
grape
branch in-situ returning to the field
downy mildew
incidence
disease index
yield
quality
