摘要
不合理的施肥方式是限制陇中旱作区马铃薯产业发展的重要因素。探究马铃薯产量与不同氮、磷、钾肥施用量与配比的关系,以期为马铃薯平衡施肥提供理论依据。以陇薯10号为供试材料,采用311-A最优试验设计,建立马铃薯产量与养分用量的回归模型,分析各养分的单因素效应、交互效应和边际效应,确定旱区马铃薯高产栽培的最佳施用量。结果表明:施用氮、磷、钾肥能够提高马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、单株块茎数和单株产量,增产作用显著,以N180P120K150处理马铃薯产量最大(44084.53 kg·hm^(-2)),过量施肥或者缺肥均会导致产量下降,肥料对影响马铃薯产量、纯收入与肥料贡献率的作用表现为N>K2O>P2O5,肥料农学效益为P2O5>K2O>N;氮、磷、钾肥之间存在着显著的交互作用,与单一施肥相比,养分两两配施更有利于产量的增加,通过对比分析得出二元二次模型为最适模型。采用边际效应计算,基于该最适模型得出旱作区马铃薯氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的最优推荐施用量为236.05、70.06、113.62 kg·hm^(-2),适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1∶0.29∶0.48。可为当地旱区马铃薯的施肥提供参考借鉴。
Unreasonable fertilization was a limiting factor for the development of potato in dryland.This study quantitatively assessed the effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilization regimes on the potato yield,and determined the optimum N,P,K fertilizer rates,in order to provide guidance for scientific fertilization of potato.The regression models between potato yield and N,P,K rates were set up by adopting a“311-A”optimized saturation design method,with‘Longshu 10’potato as the experimental material,the single factor effect,interactive effects,and marginal effects of N,P,K were analyzed,and the optimal schemes of N,P,K fertilizer were established.The results showed that all fertilizer treatments increased the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,number of tubers per plant and yield per plant of potato,and significantly improved yield of potato.The potato yield was the highest(44084.53 kg·hm^(-2))in the N180P120K150 treatment,excessive or insufficient fertilizations would decrease the yield.The influenced order of N,P,K fertilizers on the potato yield,net income and fertilizer contribution rate as N>K2O>P2O5 and on fertilizer agronomic efficiency as P2O5>K2O>N.The interaction effects among N,P,K fertilizers were positive on the potato yield,compare with single factor,the combined application of N,P and K was conducive to the formation of potato production.The binary quadratic fertilization model was the best for potato cultivation in dryland.According to the optimal effect function model recommendation and marginal effect fertilization,the optimum combinations of N,P2O5 and K2O rates were 236.05,70.06 and 113.62 kg·hm^(-2),in the proportion of 1∶0.29∶0.48,which improved grain yield,fertilizer use efficiencies of potato production in the experimental area.
作者
陈娟
王平
谢成俊
孙振荣
CHEN Juan;WANG Ping;XIE Cheng-jun;SUN Zhen-rong(Institute of Economic Crops and Beer Materials,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Lanzhou Agriculture Science and Technology Research and Extension Center,Lanzhou Gansu 730010)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期128-135,共8页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
兰州市科技局计划项目(2020-ZD-142)
兰州市重点人才项目(2021-RC-87)。
关键词
旱作区
马铃薯
氮磷钾
最佳施肥量
dryland
potato
N,P and K
optimum fertilization rate
