摘要
21世纪以来,弥尔顿的《失乐园》与科幻文学的关系获得了学界广泛关注,但现有研究或论述模糊,或时常离题。模糊指《失乐园》是“科幻的萌芽”“可以被描述为科幻”及“是科幻”这三种论述的出现;离题指的是学界在讨论其与科幻的渊源时常偏离科幻二字,走向奇幻文学研究。《失乐园》中的科幻元素有新宇宙(自洽宇宙论+太空旅行)、新居民(外星生物+怪物+狂热科学家)及新技术(虚拟现实概念)。这三组科幻元素共同构成了这部史诗的“科幻冲动”特征,揭示了《失乐园》里众多思想实验的未来指向和其中科学与宗教的相互交织。在文本内部探索弥尔顿史诗与科幻的渊源,可以明确并提升科幻文学在当代的地位与价值,有益于保持经典文学与传统文学的永恒与不朽,还能够促进传统史诗与现代科幻的跨越、比较与汇通。由此,可以同时收获对经典史诗及现代科幻的新维度认知,为经典文学与通俗文学研究添砖加瓦。
Since the 21st century,the relationship between Milton’s Paradise Lost and science fiction(SF)has gained more and more attention from the academic community,but the existing studies are either ambiguous or often off-target.Ambiguity refers to the emergence of the claims that Paradise Lost contains the“SF germ”,“can be described as SF”or“is SF”.Although it is clear from these statements that Milton’s Paradise Lost has very deep roots in SF,the claim that“Paradise Lost is SF”needs to be modified thoroughly.Off-targetness refers to the fact that Milton’s relationship with fantasy literature has received increasing critical attention,but such studies tend to be partial studies of“Milton and fantasy”,ignoring the relationship between“Milton and SF”.Based on a close reading of the text,the authors sort out the SF elements in Paradise Lost:the new universe(self-consistent cosmology+space travel),the new inhabitants(aliens+monster+mad scientist)and the new technology(the concept of virtual reality).First of all,due to the limitations of religious orthodox dogma,the cosmology in Paradise Lost revolves around three common religious locations:Heaven,Eden and Hell,which are subject to their respective laws and regulations.The separation of regimes in each world in Paradise Lost is the premise of Milton’s well-ordered universe.Within this cosmology,space travel becomes possible,referring mainly to the travels of Satan and Raphael.Through comparison,we can not only see the contrast between darkness and light through the divergent descriptions of the two space trips,but also discover the influence of the great geographical discoveries and Galileo’s telescope on Milton’s narrative poem.Secondly,the appearance of a new world attracts new inhabitants,referring mainly to the aliens,namely,the angels.Among the poet’s angels,the most influential one for future generations is the fallen angel Satan,who may be regarded as a colonizer of the earth and also one of the prototypes of“monster”and“
作者
王玉莹
郝田虎
Wang Yuying;Hao Tianhu(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第10期145-159,共15页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA298)。
