CO_(2)气爆水击波与地震波效应试验研究

Experimental Study on Water Hammer Wave and Seismic Wave Effect of CO_(2) Gas Explosion

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摘要在航道疏浚工程中对高于设计水底标高的水下礁石,多采用水下钻爆清礁工艺。而水下岩层通过钻爆清挖后仍有部分岩石未能完全清除并残留不规则,不稳定的水下浅点。实际施工中经常采用乳化炸药水下钻孔爆破或裸露爆破法清除这类孤石,裸爆相对于钻孔爆破,炸药与岩面的接触面小,炸药使用量大,会出现能量利用率低、炸药单耗高、噪音和水击波大,影响生态环境等问题。为了分析浅点爆破影响因素,进行现场监测研究,对比水下薄层岩石裸露爆破法和钻孔爆破法,在相同作用效果下,CO_(2)裸爆、钻孔CO_(2)气爆和钻孔乳化炸药爆破水击波和地震波数据。以防城港18#~22#泊位码头基槽、停泊地开挖、炸礁及清礁工程为例,根据岩层性质、岩层形态、被炸岩石顶部的水深和浅点厚度等制定药包排列和用药量方案。通过对比分析得出相同气瓶条件,CO_(2)裸爆水击波超压值是钻孔CO_(2)气爆的1.87~41.9倍。应用水下钻孔乳化炸药爆破是CO_(2)气爆水击波的7.9~18.7倍,产生的振动数值是后者的3~10倍。本文以解决实际工程问题为基本出发点,在研究水下爆破水击波传播规律的基础上,综合分析水中冲击波有害效应影响规律。 In channel dredging engineering,the underwater drilling and blasting technology is often used for underwater reefs higher than the designed bottom elevation.However,after drilling and blasting,there are still some rocks that cannot be completely removed and irregular and unstable underwater shallow points remaining.In actual construction,emulsified explosive is often used to remove such isolated stones.Compared with drilling and blasting,adobe blasting has small contact surface between explosive and rock face,large amount of explosive,low energy utilization rate,high explosive consumption,large noise and water shock wave,affecting ecological environment and so on.In order to analyze the influencing factors of shallow blasting,field monitoring research was carried out to compare the adobe blasting underwater and the drilling&blasting method.Under the same effect,the water hammer wave and seismic wave data of CO_(2) adobe blasting,drilling CO_(2) gas blasting and drilling emulsion explosive blasting were obtained.In this paper,taking the foundation groove,berthing excavation,reef blasting and reef clearing project of 18#~22#berth wharf in Fangchenggang as examples,the arrangement and amount of charge are formulated according to the property of rock strata,rock formation,water depth and shallow point thickness of the blasted rock top.The results show that the overpressure of CO_(2) adobe explosion is 1.87~41.9 times that of CO_(2) drilling gas explosion under the same cylinder condition.The overpressure of underwater drilling emulsion explosive blasting is 7.9~18.7 times of the water shock wave of CO_(2) drilling gas explosion,and the vibration value is 3~10 times of the latter.Based on the research on the propagation law of underwater blast wave,this paper comprehensively analyzes the harmful effect of underwater shock wave.

作者范怀斌陆少锋莫崇勋覃才勇刁约杨超 FAN Huai-bin;LU Shao-feng;MO Chong-xun;QIN Cai-yong;DIAO Yue;YANG Chao(Guangxi New Harbour Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530200,China;Wang Xu-guang Academician Work Station,Guangxi New Harbour,Nanning 530200,China;Reasearch Institution of Underwater Rock-Cutting Engineering at Guangxi Zhuang Municipality Region,Nanning 530200,China;a.School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;College of Resources and Environment,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China)