摘要
我国是全球病毒性肝炎疾病负担最重的国家之一。通过摸清病毒性肝炎的流行特征,我国提出并实施了“预防为主、防治结合”的科学防控政策。40多年来,在推行预防接种、加强血液筛查、规范诊疗服务、加强监管等方面都采取了有力措施,并取得显著的成效。甲型肝炎发病率从1991年的55.69/10万降至2022年的0.74/10万;5岁以下儿童乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原流行率从1992年的9.67%下降到2014年的0.3%;慢性丙型肝炎感染者治愈率已达到95%以上;戊型肝炎的发病率也出现下降趋势。但是,根据2020年数据,估计乙型肝炎患者的诊断率为22.1%,治疗率为15%;估计丙型肝炎诊断率为32%,治疗率为11%,与达到2030年90%诊断率和80%治疗率的目标还有很大差距。建议国家尽早出台相关政策,开展健康促进,加强筛查和诊疗服务,以促进更多的慢性感染者得到及时治疗。
China has the highest disease burden of viral hepatitis in the world.After understanding the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in China,the Chinese government has formulated and implemented the policy of“prevention first with combination of prevention and control”.Over the past four decades,China has taken effective measures to promote vaccination,strengthen blood screening,standardize diagnosis and treatment,and strengthen supervision,which have achieved remarkable success.The incidence of hepatitis A decreased from 55.69 per 100000 in 1991 to 0.74 per 100000 in 2022,the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)among children under 5 years decreased from 9.67%in 1992 to 0.3%in 2014,and the cure rate of chronic hepatitis C infected people reached the level of over 95%;the incidence of hepatitis E also showed a declining trend.However,in 2020,the estimated diagnosis rate and treatment rate of hepatitis B patients were only 22.1%and 15%,respectively;those of hepatitis C were 32%and 11%,respectively.The numbers are all far from the target of 90%diagnosis rate and 80%treatment rate by 2030.Relevant policies should be implemented as soon as possible to carry out health promotion and strengthen screening,diagnosis and treatment services,to ultimately promote timely treatment for more chronically infected people.
出处
《中国病毒病杂志》
CAS
2023年第5期327-336,共10页
Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases
关键词
病毒性肝炎
预防
控制
政策
进展
疾病负担
健康促进
筛查
诊疗
Viral hepatitis
Prevention
Control
Policy
Progress
Disease burden
Health promotion
Screening
Diagnosis and treatment
