摘要
工厂化专业制棒是未来食用菌产业发展的必然趋势,但自行制棒仍是当前中国菇农主要的生产方式。基于12省599份食用菌种植户调查数据,分种植品种、种植规模比较分析菇农自行制棒与购买专业菌棒进行生产的成本与收益,探究菇农自行制棒仍是当前主要生产方式的内在原因。结果表明:第一,从种植品种来看,菇农通过购买专业菌棒生产香菇、平菇、黑木耳均能获得比自行制棒更高的净收益,其中平菇的净收益在三者中最高;第二,从种植规模来看,小规模香菇种植户和大规模黑木耳种植户采用自行制棒生产方式所获净收益比购买专业菌棒更高,其余菇农通过购买专业菌棒进行生产则更有利;第三,因生产习惯偏好和降低菌棒采购成本而更倾向于自行制棒,忽视了采用专业优质菌棒可能实现更高的净收益,菇农总体表现出不完全理性的特征,这为自行制棒生产方式占据主流提供了一个可能的解释。因此,建议在保障菌棒高质优价前提下加强对工厂化专业菌棒的宣传推广,充分发挥典型种植户的示范引领作用,并通过农业合作社等组织集体统一购买专业菌棒以降低采购成本,引导菇农进行生产方式转型。
Factory production of specialized mushroom sticks is an inevitable trend for the development of mushroom industry in the future,but self-manufactured sticks are still the main production method of Chinese mushroom farmers.Based on the survey data of 599 mushroom farmers in 12 provinces,we analyzed the costs and benefits of self-manufacturing and purchasing specialized mushroom sticks by planting varieties and planting scales,and explored the reasons why self-manufacturing is still the main production method in China.The results showed that,firstly,mushroom farmers could obtain higher net returns than self-made sticks by purchasing specialized sticks to produce shiitake,flat mushroom and black fungus,with the flat mushroom having the highest net return;secondly,small-scale shiitake farmers could obtain higher net returns by adopting the self-made stick production method than by purchasing specialized sticks,while the rest of them could obtain more favorable returns by purchasing specialized sticks for their production;Thirdly,mushroom farmers prefer to make their own sticks due to production habit preferences and lower stick procurement costs,ignoring the higher net returns that may be realized by adopting specialized sticks,and mushroom farmers in general show incomplete rationality,which provides a possible explanation for the dominance of the self-made stick production method.Therefore,it is recommended to strengthen the publicity and promotion of factory-made specialized sticks,give full play to the demonstration and leading role of typical growers,and collectively and uniformly purchase specialized sticks through agricultural cooperatives and other organizations in order to reduce the purchasing cost,and to guide the mushroom farmers in the transformation of their production methods.
作者
朱新宇
颜廷武
陈思钰
ZHU Xinyu;YAN Tingwu;CHEN Siyu(College of Economics&Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《食药用菌》
2023年第6期378-384,共7页
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms
基金
国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)。
关键词
自行制棒
购买专业菌棒
成本收益分析
种植品种
种植规模
self-manufacturing of mushroom sticks
buying specialized mushroom sticks
cost-benefit analysis
planting varieties
planting scale
