摘要
大球盖菇营养丰富,近年来产业发展较快。概述大球盖菇栽培发展历程,分析其具有栽培技术较简单、栽培原料来源广、经济效益显著,兼具生态效益和社会效益等特点。列举大球盖菇3种主要栽培模式:稻田生态栽培、林下生态栽培和大棚设施栽培,指出优势和不足,并从季节安排、备料、整地、培养料制备、菌种准备、铺料、播种、覆土、铺设水管、搭棚覆膜、养菌、出菇管理等环节详细介绍长江中下游地区大球盖菇稻田生态栽培关键技术。针对大球盖菇栽培存在的劳动强度大、生产需水量大、优质菇比例低等问题,提出需要从轻简化机械化栽培、菌种高效生产、优质高效栽培模式、培养料配方优化和优良品种选育、新型覆土材料和节水技术等方面进行技术创新。
Stropharia rugosoannulata is rich in nutrition and its industry has developed rapidly in recent years.This paper summarizes the development of its cultivation and analyzes its characteristics of simple cultivation technology,wide source of raw materials,remarkable economic benefits,ecological benefits and social benefits.Three main cultivation modes of Stropharia rugosoannulata are listed.The paper points out the advantages and disadvantages of ecological cultivation in paddy field,forest and greenhouse facilities,and introduces the key technologies of ecological cultivation in the paddy field of this mushroom in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in detail from the aspects of seasonal arrangement,material preparation,casing soil preparation,culture material preparation,strawn preparation,material laying,spawning,soil covering,water pipe laying,shelter mulching,mycelia culture and growing management.In view of the prominent problems such as high labor intensity,high demand for water and low proportion of high-quality fruitbodies in its cultivation,it is necessary to carry out technological innovation in light and simplified mechanized cultivation,efficient production of spawn,high-quality and efficient cultivation mode,optimization of culture material formula and selection of excellent varieties,and development of new replacement materials for casing soil.
作者
边银丙
BIAN Yinbing(Institute of Applied Mycology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《食药用菌》
2023年第6期370-377,共8页
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)。
关键词
大球盖菇
发展历程
栽培技术
稻田生态栽培
技术创新
Stropharia rugosoannulata
development history
cultivation technique
ecological cultivation in rice field
technological innovation direction
