摘要
简要介绍了核能及核反应堆的基本概念,引入了核反应堆的分类及相关核反应堆的基本特征,阐述了舰船核动力装置的技术特点及其与陆用核动力装置的区别,重点对核动力装置在潜艇及航空母舰领域的应用进行了研究,详尽分析了相关技术可行性,并对其应用前景进行了展望。总体而言,核动力装置能显著提升潜艇在水下潜航时的续航里程、自持力及隐蔽性,大幅改善了其总体作战性能,有着较好的发展前景。因此,核潜艇将是该领域的重点发展方向。此外,核动力装置同样能大幅提升巡洋舰等大、中型水面舰船的续航里程,但对航空母舰续航力的提升效果则并不像前者那样显著。由于航空母舰自身内部空间较为宽敞,且实际航行过程会受随行舰队的影响,自身又无法单独行动,因此续航力的提升仅能被视作为发展核动力航空母舰的部分原因。即便如此,采用核动力装置依然能节省出一部分舰体内部空间,从而能携带更多的燃料,以供舰载机及随行舰队使用。不仅如此,由于可省去烟囱,因此可相应改善航空母舰上层结构,并减少排烟对舰载机及甲板的影响。尽管存在成本高昂等制约因素,但考虑到其固有的一系列优势,发展核潜艇及核动力航空母舰仍有一定的前景。
A basic concepts is introduced of nuclear energy and nuclear reactors,the classification of nuclear reactors and the basic characteristics of related nuclear reactors,elaborates on the technical characteristics of ship nuclear power plants and their differences from land-based nuclear power plants,focuses on the application of nuclear power plants in the fields of submarines and aircraft carriers,analyzes the feasibility of related technologies in detail,and looks forward to their application prospects.Overall,nuclear power devices can significantly improve the range,self-sustaining power,and concealment of submarines during underwater diving,greatly improving their overall combat performance,and have good development prospects.Therefore,nuclear submarines will be a key development direction in this field.In addition,nuclear power plants can also significantly increase the range of large and medium-sized surface vessels such as cruisers,but the effect on improving the range of aircraft carriers is not as significant as the former.Due to the relatively spacious internal space of aircraft carriers and the fact that their actual navigation process is influenced by accompanying fleets,and they are unable to operate independently,the improvement of endurance can only be seen as part of the reason for the development of nuclear powered aircraft carriers.Even so,the use of nuclear power devices can still save a portion of the internal space of the ship,enabling it to carry more fuel for use by carrier based aircraft and accompanying fleets.Moreover,due to the elimination of chimneys,the superstructure of aircraft carriers can be correspondingly improved and the impact of smoke exhaust on carrier aircraft and decks can be reduced.Despite high costs and other constraints,considering its inherent advantages,there is still a certain prospect for developing nuclear submarines and nuclear powered aircraft carriers.
作者
伍赛特
Wu Saite(SAIC Motor,Shanghai 200438)
出处
《传动技术》
2023年第3期45-52,共8页
Drive System Technique
关键词
核动力
航空母舰
核潜艇
核能
核反应堆
军用舰船
nuclear power
aircraft carrier
nuclear submarines
nuclear energy
nuclear reactors
military ships
