摘要
欧佩克主要通过产量政策影响石油定价,美国通过石油生产、石油储备、货币金融和政治等多种手段发挥对国际原油价格的影响力。作为资源国,中国有效扭转了稀土定价权劣势;作为需求国,中国在粮食、铁矿石方面的定价话语权也有提升。供需影响力是大宗商品定价权的核心;具备资源禀赋的市场主体在定价权方面具备天然优势,内部行业集中程度是决定其定价权强弱的关键因素;建设巨量储备则是消费国获取定价影响力的主要途径;大宗商品的金融属性是消费国提升话语权的重要着力点,但该类权力较为稀缺。为提升中国的原油定价权,建议建设更大规模的战略石油储备,以技术进步提升资源自给率,集中采购以避免内部竞价损失,提升上海国际能源交易中心的价格影响力,加快建设统一的现货市场及扩大人民币在石油贸易中的结算比例。
OPEC influences oil pricing mainly through its production policy,while the United States exerts its influence on international crude oil prices by such mean as oil production,oil reserves,monetary finance and politics.As a resource country,China has effectively reversed the pricing power disadvantage of rare earths and China's pricing power in grain and iron ore has also increased as a demand country.Supply and demand influence is the core of commodity pricing power.Market players with resource endowments have a natural advantage in pricing power and the degree of internal industry concentration is a key factor in determining the strength of their pricing power.The construction of huge reserves is the main way for consuming countries to gain pricing influence and the financial attribute of commodities is an important focus for consuming countries to enhance their power of voice even though this type of power is relatively scarce.In order to enhance China's crude oil pricing power,it is recommended to build larger strategic oil reserves,enhance resource self-sufficiency through technological advancement,centralize procurement to avoid internal bidding losses,facilitate the pricing influence of the Shanghai International Energy Exchange(SIEE),accelerate the construction of a unified spot market,and expand the proportion of RMB settlement in oil trades.
作者
仇玄
QIU Xuan(PetroChina Planning & Engineering Institute)
出处
《国际石油经济》
2023年第9期28-35,共8页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
石油市场
定价权
大宗商品
战略石油储备
人民币国际化
oil market
pricing power
commodities
strategic oil reserve
RMB internationalization
