摘要
低洼地是地势较低的一类耕地,其易受涝渍影响,土壤生产力低,作物产量低而不稳,是典型的中低产田,提高低洼地生产力对粮食稳产及农业可持续发展尤为重要。本文通过文献汇总,分析了当前我国低洼易涝区涝渍胁迫的形成原因和对农业生产的影响。研究表明涝渍胁迫改变了土壤的通透性、酸碱度以及土壤有机质含量等理化性质,影响土壤酶活性和微生物活性,抑制作物根系、叶片等器官的发育,进而导致作物减产;同时,从农业措施、工程措施和生物措施3个方面,总结了机械改土、栽培措施、秸秆还田、轮作、有机肥施用、田间排水(暗管排水、明沟排水和鼠道排水),以及选育耐涝渍种质资源等技术对低洼易涝区耕地的改良效果,并提出研究展望。
Lowland is a kind of cultivated soil with low terrain,it is vulnerable to waterlogging.It′s a typical medium-low yield field with lower soil productivity and unstable crop yield.It′s particularly important for stable grain yield and sustainable agricultural development to improve productivity of lowland.This paper analyzed the causes of waterlogging stress in low-lying and waterlogged-prone areas and effects on agricultural production by summarizing literatures,results showed that waterlogging stress changed the physicochemical properties of soil such as permeability,pH and soil organic matter content,affected the activities of enzymes and microorganisms in the soil,inhibited the growth of crop roots,leaves and other organs,which led to crop yield reduction;at the same time,this paper summarized the improvement of cultivated land in low-lying and waterlogged-prone areas from three aspects of agricultural measures,engineering measures and biological measures,it included technologies such as mechanical soil amelioration,cultivation measures,straw return,rotation,organic fertilizer application,field drainage(subsurface drainage,open ditch drainage and mole drainage)and breeding waterlogging tolerance germplasm resources and so on.It proposed research prospects,in order to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of medium-low yield fields under waterlogging stress.
作者
赵月
姬景红
郝小雨
刘双全
郑雨
马星竹
ZHAO Yue;JI Jinghong;HAO Xiaoyu;LIU Shuangquan;ZHENG Yu;MA Xingzhu(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Harbin 150086,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2023年第11期151-156,共6页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500905-2,2022YFD1500804-6)
黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程(CX23YQ22,CX23JC03)。
关键词
低洼地
涝渍
土壤
农业生产
改良
lowland
waterlogging
soil
agricultural production
improvement
