摘要
天花由于传染性强且死亡率高,古代民间极为重视。在陕西定边,从天花的预防到治疗产生了一系列叫法和习俗。预防天花要种牛痘,定边方言里将牛痘苗称为“花苗苗”,将种牛痘称为“种花儿”,种花儿的先生尊称为“花儿匠”;天花发病称“出花儿”,常有一个家庭因为一个孩子出花儿其他孩子“热窝窝”一起出花儿的情形。患者要被小心看护,有时为了加速出花儿的进程,会采用一些方法达到表花儿效果。民间在出花儿时还有很多禁忌,如忌烧油锅、忌陌生人进门等,还要防风、防光、防晒。
Smallpox was a common infectious disease in the past.Because of its high contagiousness and mortality,people took it very seriously with a series of names and customs arising from prevention to treatment.In Dingbian County,Shaanxi Province,smallpox vaccination was called“zhong-huar”,the vaccinator was called“huar-jiang”,smallpox infection was called“chu-huar”.As a rule,a family will have one child who has an infected condition due to vaccination and the other children will have a similar condition together in succession.The patient is carefully watched,and sometimes this process was called“kan-huar”;using a piece of red paper or white-raisin water to speed up the process to achieve the effect of“biao-huar”.There were also many taboos when people were infected with smallpox,like forbidding frying pan filled with oil,strangers,wind,bright light and sunshine.
作者
苗丽
MIAO Li(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)
出处
《咸阳师范学院学报》
2023年第5期71-74,共4页
Journal of Xianyang Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA268)
宁夏回族自治区哲学社会科学规划项目(23NXTQ01)。
关键词
定边
天花防治
禁忌
Dingbian
smallpox prevention and treatment
taboos
