摘要
中子的特性使其能在化学测量学中发挥独特的作用:中子直接作用于原子核,穿透性强,这使复杂样品环境下的原位测量成为可能;对轻元素和同位素敏感,可以选择性观察物质内部的复杂结构;波长和能量与原子间距离和特征弛豫时间相符,从而可以覆盖多尺度的时空探测范围.中子散射方法自诞生之日起,在化学领域的研究中就起着重要作用.然而,由于缺乏大型中子源设施,我国在中子散射领域发展较慢.随着中国散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)于2018年验收,并面向全世界用户开放,越来越多的中子散射用户开始了解中子散射方法.本文将分别按照测量的特征空间尺寸从小到大,介绍弹性中子散射方法的中子衍射、中子反射和小角中子散射;按照动力学特征时间从快到慢,介绍准弹性中子散射方法的中子背散射与中子自旋回波,在配位化学、高分子化学、物理化学、电化学及生物化学等领域中的应用,从而进一步推广中子散射方法,为我国化学领域的发展服务.
The characteristics of neutron make it play a unique role in chemical measurement science.Neutron interacts directly with nucleus,thus has strong penetrability,which makes in-situ measurements possible in complex sample environments;neutron is sensitive to light elements and isotopes,and thereby can observe the internal structures selectively;the wavelength and the energy of neutron are consistent with the typical distances and the characteristic relaxation time on atomic scales,so neutron scattering can cover a multi-scale space/time range.However,due to the lack of large neutron facility,our development in the field of neutron scattering is relatively slow.China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)has been accepted in 2018,and is now open to users worldwide.In order to develop users and help them to have a basic understanding of neutron scattering,the manuscript introduces both the elastic and quasielastic neutron scattering,separately.Elastic neutron scattering,including neutron diffraction,neutron reflection and small-angle neutron scattering,can measure length scale from 0.01Åto 1μm;quasi-elastic neutron scattering,including neutron backscattering and neutron spin echo,can measure characteristic relaxation time from 1 ps to 300 ns.In this paper,we introduce the typical applications of these scattering methods in the fields of coordination chemistry,polymer chemistry,physical chemistry,electrochemistry and biochemistry,etc.We hope that neutron scattering,as a powerful tool,can be further promoted in China,and serve the future development in our chemical field.
作者
韩泽华
左太森
马长利
李雨晴
程贺
Han Zehua;Zuo Taisen;Ma Changli;Li Yuqing;Cheng He(China Spallation Neutron Source,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dongguan 100049,China;Spallation Neutron Source Science Center,Guangdong 523800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《中国科学：化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期2208-2219,共12页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:22273046)
博士后面上基金(编号:DG221I4A2L)资助项目。
关键词
弹性中子散射
准弹性中子散射
化学测量学
elastic neutron scattering
quasi-elastic neutron scattering
chemical measurement science
