摘要
我国现行《公司法》未明确规定经理的法律地位,导致学理上对此问题始终存在争论。司法审判实践中对于经理是否为劳动者的判断也存在矛盾。明确经理的法律地位,对于确定经理以公司名义对外行为的法律效力和解决经理与公司的劳动合同纠纷均具有重要意义。借鉴德国的经理人制度,在对外关系中,经理是公司的委托代理人;在公司内部,经理不是公司的业务执行机关,而是公司的高级职员,与公司之间存在劳动合同关系,但因经理在生产、经营、业务、人事、财务等方面享有独立的决策权,其实际上履行了企业主的职责,从而区别于普通劳动者。《公司法草案三审稿》不再列举经理的职权,“高级管理人员”亦是内涵不清的一个概念,这使《民法典》职务代理的适用也会因经理职权边界不清、法律地位不明而遇到障碍。未来《公司法》应明确经理的代理人身份,确定其代理权限范围。《劳动法》应将劳动者区分为高级职员和普通劳动者并确定高级职员的实质认定标准和权利限制,从而将公司法意义上的“高级管理人员”与劳动法意义上的“高级职员”之间建立联系,以确定包括经理在内的高级管理人员在劳动法上的法律地位和权利。
The Company Law does not clearly stipulate the legal status of managers,which has led to a constant debate on this issue theoretically.There are also contradictions in the judgment of whether a manager is an employee in judicial practice.Clarifying the legal status of the manager has great significance for determining the legal effect of the manager’s external behavior in the name of the company and resolving the labor contract disputes between the manager and the company.Based on the German management style,a manager is the company’s entrusted agent in its external relations;Within the company,he or she is not the executive of the company’s business,but a senior employee with a labor contract relationship with the company.However,since the manager enjoys independent decision-making power in production,operation,business,personnel,finance,etc.,he or she actually fulfills the duties of the business owner,which distinguishes him or her from ordinary workers.The Company Law(The Third Revised Draft)no longer enumer⁃ates the functions and powers of managers,and“senior manager”is also a concept with unclear connotations,which makes the application of duty agents in the Civil Code encounter obstacles due to the unclear boundaries of managers’powers and legal status.The Company Law should clarify the identity of the manager’s agent and determine the scope of his agency authority in the future.The Labor Law should distinguish between senior and ordinary employees and deter⁃mine the substantive criteria and rights limits for senior employees,so as to establish a link between“senior managers”in the sense of company law and that in the sense of labor law,and to determine the legal status and rights of senior man⁃agement including managers in labor law.
出处
《吉林大学社会科学学报》
北大核心
2023年第6期45-57,231,共14页
Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(23BFX083)。
关键词
经理
经理权
经理人
委托代理人
高级职员
manger
managerial rights
management
entrusted agents
senior employee
