摘要
《庄子》内篇在描述心灵转化时,有三种主要模式——由心到神、由心到气、由心到德,它们皆指向认知方式的调整。这种调整旨在破除在个人有限的、固化的、偏好明显的认知方式控制下的感官活动,而非否认感官本身,并且期待在面对物、事、人时,以流动的、变化的环境作为认知与行动导向。相关的文本主要存在于《养生主》篇“臣以神遇而不以目视,官知止而神欲行”,《人间世》篇“无听之以耳而听之以心,无听之以心而听之以气”,《德充符》篇“且不知耳目之所宜,而游心乎德之和”中。其中,“不以目视”“无听之以耳”“不知耳目之所宜”在以往的解释中常被认为是对感官及其活动的消解,进而弱化了心灵转化过程中涉及的认知转变。然而,这样的解释在回归文本语义系统时,难以实现逻辑上的融贯,从而使得与此关联的心灵转化的诠释也出现了偏差。因此,遵循文本语脉,明晰这些否定词的指向,进而发掘心灵转化的不同侧面,是合理且需要开拓的研究路径。
When describing the transformation of the xin in the inner part of Zhuangzi,there are three main modes-from xin to shen,from xin to qi,and from xin to de,all of which point to the adjustment of cognitive mode.This kind of adjustment tries to break the sensory activities controlled by the limited,solidified and obvious cognitive modes of personal preference,rather than denying the senses themselves,and looking forward to the fluid and changing environment as the cognitive and action guidance in the face of objects,things and people.The relevant texts mainly exist in the section of“Yang Sheng Zhu”,which is“I meet with the shen instead of seeing with my eyes,the senses stop and the shen is ready for action”,and the section of the“Ren Jian Shi”,which is“listen not with your ears but with your xin;listen not with your xin but with your qi”,and the section of the“Ren Jian Shi”,which is“it is not dominated by the preferences of the eyes and ears to form cognition,but the xin changes with different life scenes and chooses the most appropriate cognition at the moment”.Among them,“cognition is not shaped by the preferences of the eyes”,“cognitive formation is not dominated by ear preferences”and“not to know what is appropriate for the eyes and ears”were often considered to be the digestion of the senses and their activities,thus weakening the cognitive transformation in‐volved in the transformation of the xin.However,it is difficult for such interpretation to achieve logical coherence when it returns to the semantic system of the text,so that the related interpretation of the transformation of the xin also appears a deviation.Therefore,it is a reasonable and necessary research path to follow the textual language pulse,clarify the direction of these negative words,and explore the different aspects of the transformation of xin.
出处
《理论月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第11期148-155,共8页
Theory Monthly
关键词
《庄子》
心灵转化
感官
认知
Zhuangzi
transformation of xin
sense
cognition
