摘要
为了解决铁路勘测站场测绘过程中存在的上线协调难度大,有效作业时间短,作业安全风险高,内容繁杂易漏测等问题,本文研究了基于无人机倾斜摄影的站场测绘方法。该方法采用四旋翼无人机搭载长焦像机,增加安全距离并提高影像分辨率;自主研发航线规划软件对航线和拍摄角度进行优化以保证影像重叠率并减少数据冗余,同时避免了航线跨越铁路;定制地面标志牌,保证像控点外业测量和内业刺点精度,开发轨道线精测软件以提高中线和轨面高程测量精度。结果表明,无人机倾斜摄影能够获得毫米级分辨率的站场正射影像,建(构)筑物及设备测量精度可以达到4.6 cm,轨道中线平面测量精度可以达到2.8 cm,轨面高程测量精度可以达到2 cm,能够满足铁路勘测对于既有车站测绘的相关要求,避免了上线作业,提高了勘测效率。
A station surveying and mapping method based on UAV oblique photography is studied in this paper in order to solve such problems as difficulties in online coordination,short effective operation time,high safety risk,complicated content and easy missed detection in the process of surveying and mapping in existing railway stations.The method uses four rotor UAV equipped with a long focus camera to increase the safe distance and improve the image resolution.The route planning software is independently developed to optimize the route and shooting angle to ensure the image overlap rate and reduce data redundancy,while avoiding the route crossing the railway.The image control point marks are customized to ensure the accuracy of the image control point field measurement and the indoor stab point,and the track line precision measurement software is developed to improve the accuracy of the midline and rail surface elevation measurement.The results show that the station orthophoto with millimeter resolution can be obtained by UAV oblique photography,the measurement accuracy of buildings and equipments,railway lines,and the rail height can be 4.6 cm,2.8 cm,and 2 cm respectivelly,which can meet the relevant requirements of railway survey for surveying and mapping of existing stations,avoid on line operations,and improve surveying efficiency.
作者
张英杰
ZHANG Yingjie(China Railway Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300251,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Navigation Positioning and Spatio temporal Big Data Technology,Tianjin 300251,China)
出处
《测绘技术装备》
2023年第3期95-98,共4页
Geomatics Technology and Equipment
基金
中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发课题(2023B0240116)。
关键词
无人机
倾斜摄影
铁路
站场测绘
UAV
oblique photography
railway
station surveying
