摘要
稀土以其优异的磁光电等特性,被称为“新材料之母”,也被许多国家列为关键金属。我国是稀土储量、产量、消费和贸易大国,随着世界科技革命和产业变革的不断深化,为提升稀土的战略应用价值,我国需要将稀土开发重点转向有高技术含量的稀土功能材料产品。然而,当前专利壁垒已经成为制约我国稀土功能材料行业发展的瓶颈之一。为摆脱稀土功能材料关键核心技术“卡脖子”的困境,本文系统收集和整理了储氢、催化、抛光、永磁和发光(植物生长光源)五个稀土功能材料技术领域的技术专利,从稀土专利类型、申请趋势、分布、法律状态、转让与许可、拥有稀土相关专利的公司等多个维度挖掘专利数据信息,以技术为切入点,系统分析了近二十年来我国稀土功能材料领域的专利现状、发展态势。研究发现:我国拥有稀土功能材料技术专利数量较多,但主要集中在催化领域和永磁领域,技术布局相对单一,核心专利占比低;实用新型专利占比过高,专利转让和许可水平偏低,导致整体技术含量不高;国际专利很少,国际化程度较低。虽然我国稀土功能材料技术还存在短板,但我国相关基础研究成果和技术积累较为雄厚,通过制定切实合理的稀土领域专利发展战略,可以增强我国稀土科技核心竞争力,为我国稀土功能材料在全球市场的竞争和发展提供保障。
Rare earths are known as the“origin of new materials”for their excellent performance in magnetic⁃optical⁃elec⁃trical characteristics,and are listed as critical metals in various countries.China is a dominant country in rare earth reserves,production,consumption and trade.With the deepening of the world scientific and technological revolution and industrial trans⁃formation,China has to focus on developing high⁃tech rare earth functional materials in order to enhance the strategic applica⁃tion value of rare earths.However,the issue of patent barriers has restricted the development of rare earth functional materials in China.In order to get rid of the dilemma of"stuck neck"for the key technologies of rare earth functional materials,this study collects and organizes technology patents in the five critical technical fields,i.e.,hydrogen storage,catalysis,polishing,permanent magnet and luminescence(plant growth light source),systematically analyzes types,trends,distribution,legal status,transfers,licenses and owners of these patents in recent 20 years to present the state⁃of⁃the⁃art of rare earth functional materials in China.Results showed that China has a large number of patents for key technologies of rare earth functional mate⁃rials,but they are mainly in the field of catalysis and permanent magnet,with low proportion of key patents and simple tech⁃nology layout;The proportion of utility model patents is large and most patents of China are rarely transferred and licensed which lead to the overall technical content is not high;There are few international patents of China which leads to a low level of internationalization.Although there are still shortcomings in key technologies of rare earth functional materials in China,we have accumulated huge number of technologies.By formulating a practical and reasonable patent development strategies,the competitiveness of China’s rare earth industries can be strengthened significantly,which would support the long⁃term develop⁃ment of China’s r
作者
李平
王路
石杰
陈楚珂
韩茹茹
李楠
LI Ping;WANG Lu;SHI Jie;CHEN Chu-ke;HAN Ru-ru;LI Nan(The Chinese Society of Rare Earths,Beijing 100081,China;Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ganzhou 341119,China;Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《稀土》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期143-158,共16页
Chinese Rare Earths
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52170184,52270192)
江西省管理科学项目(20212BAA10019)
北方稀土揭榜挂帅项目(BFXT⁃2021⁃00061)。
关键词
专利
稀土功能材料
卡脖子
专利计量
中国
patent
rare earth functional material
stuck neck
patentometrics
China
