摘要
目的分析珠三角某市职业病发病情况,探讨职业病防控策略。方法收集2011—2020年国家职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统报告中珠三角某市新发职业病病例数据,通过Excel工具描述新发职业病基本情况及时空分布特征,包括职业病病种构成、人群分布、行业分布和发病趋势等。结果2011—2020年该市共报告新发职业病704例,男性645例(占91.62%),女性59例(占8.38%)。物理因素所致职业病最多(213例,占30.26%),其中手臂振动病202例;职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病212例(占30.11%),其中噪声聋211例;尘肺病184例;职业性慢性化学中毒75例(占10.65%),其中慢性苯中毒43例;职业性肿瘤和职业性皮肤病各8例(各占比1.14%);其他呼吸系统疾病4例(占0.57%)。从2015年开始职业病新确诊病例呈现上升趋势,到2018年达到历史最高。该市新发640例4类主要职业病(手臂振动病、噪声聋、尘肺病、慢性苯中毒)的行业分布主要为制造业(576例,占90.00%)和采矿业(46例,占7.19%)。制造业行业中,发病前三的行业(中类)依次为:文教、工美、体育及娱乐用品制造业(235例,占40.80%),金属制品业(83例,占12.97%)和非金属矿物制品业(35例,占5.47%)。该市主要职业病新发病例主要集中在46~50岁和51~55岁两个年龄段和6~10年工龄段。结论该市主要职业病为手臂振动病、噪声聋、尘肺病和慢性苯中毒,应重点防控。须加强对制造业、采矿业和建筑业的专项调查和治理工作,减少职业病的发生。
Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases and explore strategies for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in a city of Pearl River Delta.Methods The data of newly diagnosed cases with occupational diseases reported by the city in the National Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System from 2011 to 2020 was collected.The basic characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution of newly diagnosed cases with occupational diseases were described using Excel tools,including the composition of occupational diseases,population distribution,industry distribution,and incidence trends.Results A total of 704 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in the city from 2011 to 2020,including 645 males(91.62%)and 59 females(8.39%).Occupational diseases caused by physical factors were the most common(213 cases,accounting for 30.26%),including 202 cases of hand-arm vibration disease;there were 212 cases(30.11%)of occupational otorhinolaryngological diseases reported,including 211 cases of noise-induced hearing loss;there were 184 cases(26.13%)of pneumoconiosis reported;75 cases(10.65%)of occupational chronic chemical poisoning were reported,including 43 cases of chronic benzene poisoning;Besides,there were 8 cases(1.14%)of occupational cancer,8 cases(1.14%)of occupational skin diseases,and 4 cases(0.57%)of other respiratory diseases reported.The number of newly diagnosed occupational disease cases began to rise in 2015 and reached the highest level in 2018.The cases of the 640 new four major occupational diseases(hand-arm vibration disease,noise-induced hearing loss,pneumoconiosis,and chronic benzene poisoning)were reported in the manufacturing(576 cases,90.00%)and mining(46 cases,7.19%)industries.The top three industries(sub-categories)in manufacturing industry were manufacture of educational,artistic,sports and recreational goods(235 cases,40.80%),manufacture of fabricated metal products(83 cases,12.97%),and manufacture of non-metallic mineral products(35 cas
作者
黄奕平
李映来
冯简青
刘浩中
傅绍周
邓永芳
HUANG Yiping;LI Yinglai;FENG Jianqing;LIU Haozhong;FU Shaozhou;DENG Yongfang(Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China)
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2023年第5期558-562,共5页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
关键词
职业病
珠三角
手臂振动病
噪声聋
尘肺病
慢性苯中毒
occupational disease
Pearl River Delta
hand-arm vibration disease
noise-induced hearing loss
pneumoconiosis
chronic benzene poisoning
