摘要
高温熔盐电化学反应具有反应动力学快、选择性好的优点,可用于能源存储与转换、金属材料的提取和纯化、二氧化碳的捕集和转化利用、退役金属材料的循环利用等领域,利用清洁电能驱动的高温熔盐电解技术可实现从源头、过程和末端全流程降碳减排.本文简要回顾了近20年来武汉大学在高温熔盐电化学方向的主要研究工作,包括熔盐电解固态化合物冶金(低碳提取)、熔盐捕集-电解转化CO_(2)(碳捕集与转化)、熔盐电化学制备功能材料(材料低碳制备)、熔盐电解回收能源金属材料(低碳绿色循环)和高温电解器关键材料(析氧阳极),形成了固态化合物还原反应动力学“三相界线”理论,丰富了高温惰性合金析氧阳极选材数据库,揭示了阳极氧化膜稳定服役机制,发明了熔盐电化学阳极氧化冶金新方法,提出了“熔盐电解质酸碱性-电极反应调控”新策略,并为新能源产业可持续发展所需的“前端原材料清洁提取”和“末端退役能源材料回收利用”提供新方法和新技术.以此为线索,评述了面向碳中和的高温熔盐电化学所面临的机遇与挑战,讨论了高温熔盐电解基础理论和应用技术的发展趋势,展望了清洁电能驱动的熔盐电解技术在实现碳达峰、碳中和目标中的潜在贡献.
To achieve the net-zero society,the renewable energy-driven electrification of materials production and processing are at the heart of combating climate change.To this end,developing efficient and large-scale electrolyzers plays an important role in bringing clean energy to provoke electrochemical reactions in terms of converting electrical energy to chemical energies that are stored in the electrolytic products.Among various electrolyzers,high-temperature molten-salt electrolyzers have been applied to produce metals in large scale.However,innovations and technique advances are still needed to further reduce the carbon and environmental footprints.Looking back at the history of high-temperature molten-salt electrochemistry,we first should thank Prof.Alessandro Volta who invented the voltaic pile that can supply stable electricity for driving chemical reactions in 1799.From that time on,we entered the era of electrochemistry.Later,Humphry Davy's pioneering work led to the electrolytic isolation of sodium(Na),potassium(K),magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)in a relatively pure form.After that,Davy's student Michael Faraday in 1834 discovered the Faraday Law which is a milestone to underpinning the development of electrolysis.Because the invention of the Hall-Héroult cell in 1886,Al products can be used widely today.Since then,Li,Na,Ca,Sr,and Ba have been gradually produced at a large scale in the 20th century,which significantly influence the field of metallurgy and materials science,as well as our daily lives.Herein,we review the development of high temperature molten salt electrochemistry at Wuhan University in the past two decades,including the electrochemical reduction of solid compounds to metal/alloys,molten-salt capture and electrochemical conversion of CO_(2),production of functional materials by molten-salt electrolysis,and recycling of spent energetic meals by molten-salt electrolysis.In doing so,we developed the theory of three-phase interline(3PI)to explore the kinetics of solid-compound reduction,supplemente
作者
尹华意
邓博文
杜开发
李威
高帅波
石昊
汪的华
Huayi Yin;Bowen Deng;Kaifa Du;Wei Li;Shuaibo Gao;Hao Shi;Dihua Wang(Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy,School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第30期3998-4014,共17页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(52031008,U22B2071,51874211,21673162,51325102)
科技部国际合作专项(2015DFA90750)资助。
关键词
碳中和
熔盐电化学
电解
CO_(2)转化
可持续发展
carbon neutrality
molten salt electrochemistry
electrolysis
CO_(2)reduction
sustainable development
