摘要
随着城市化进程的加快,空气质量对人体健康的影响日益受到关注.该研究以空气污染较严重的郑州市为例,针对2019年6月1日−2022年6月30日郑州大学第三附属医院(三甲医院)儿童呼吸道疾病日门诊人数、空气污染物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、CO、SO_(2)和O_(3))浓度和气象要素(气温和相对湿度)进行相关性分析,并进一步利用广义相加模型分析空气污染物对儿童呼吸道疾病就诊人数的当日及滞后效应,及其受性别、年龄和季节的影响.结果表明:①儿童呼吸道疾病就诊人数与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、CO和SO_(2)的浓度均呈正相关,与气温和相对湿度均呈负相关.②6种空气污染物对儿童呼吸道疾病就诊人数的影响均存在滞后效应,且在空气污染物对儿童呼吸道疾病就诊人数影响最大的滞后日,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)和O3的浓度每增加10μg/m^(3),儿童呼吸道疾病就诊人数分别增加0.66%、0.37%、4.63%和0.82%;SO_(2)浓度每增加1μg/m^(3),就诊人数增加1.72%;CO浓度每增加1 mg/m^(3),就诊人数增加4.25%.③PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和NO_(2)对女童的影响大于男童,污染物浓度每增加10μg/m^(3),女童就诊人数增长率比男童分别高出0.06%、0.04%和2.36%.④空气污染物对儿童呼吸道疾病影响显著的种类数大致随着儿童年龄的增加而减小.⑤秋冬季空气污染物对儿童呼吸道疾病就诊率的影响较大.研究显示,儿童呼吸道疾病就诊人数与空气质量密切相关,但不同性别、不同年龄儿童受空气污染影响程度不同,且具有明显的季节变化特征,因此降低城市大气污染物浓度可有效降低儿童呼吸道疾病就诊率.
With the acceleration of urbanization,the impact of air quality on human health has received increasing attention.This study takes Zhengzhou City,a city with serious air pollution,as an example.The correlation analysis was performed on the daily number of visits for child respiratory disease at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University(a Grade-A tertiary hospital),air pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2),CO,SO_(2)and O_(3))and meteorological factors(temperature and relative humidity)from June 1st,2019 to June 30th,2022.A further Generalized Additive Model(GAM)was used to analyze the effect of air pollutants on the number of outpatients on daily and lagged bases,and the effects of gender,age,and season were also taken into consideration.The results showed that:(1)The number of visits was positive correlated with the concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2),CO and SO_(2),and negatively correlated with temperature and relative humidity.(2)All six air pollutants showed lagged effects on the number of visits.On the lagged days with the strongest effects,the number of visits increased by 0.66%,0.37%,4.63%and 0.82%for each 10μg/m^(3)increase in PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2)and O3,respectively,1.72%for 1μg/m^(3)increase in SO_(2)and 4.25%for CO.(3)The PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and NO_(2)had greater effects on the number of doctor visits for girls′visits than boys by 0.06%,0.04%and 2.36%with an increasing concentration of 10μg/m^(3),respectively.(4)With the increasing of children′s age,the number of air pollutants with significant effects decreased.(5)In autumn and winter,the impacts of air pollutants became stronger.Overall,the research shows that the number of hospital visits for child respiratory disease was closely related to the air pollution.Children of different genders and ages were affected differently by the air pollution,with significant seasonal characteristics.Thus,the hospital visit rate can be effectively reduced by improving air quality.
作者
朱仁成
王亚男
王丹
王运静
谢沛远
韦良魁
ZHU Rencheng;WANG Yanan;WANG Dan;WANG Yunjing;XIE Peiyuan;WEI Liangkui(School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450014,China;Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Henan,Zhengzhou 450014,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期2099-2107,共9页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
河南省自然科学基金项目(No.232300421243)
中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室开放基金项目(No.VECS2022K05)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.2022YSKY-05)。
