摘要
人口老龄化所衍生的老年犯罪已成为危害日本社会治安的重要问题。进入“令和时代”,日本老年犯罪呈现出刑事查获人数减少但查获率升高、财产型犯罪高发、服刑率上升、服刑高龄化加剧、再入狱率反弹等新特点。对此,日本以防止再犯和促进社会回归为重心,形成了以老年犯为对象,以入狱前、服刑中、出狱后为阶段,以入口支援和出口支援为轴心,以刑事设施改良为侧重的全方位、多主体、阶段性分流预防机制。这些防控措施的实行起到了减少和预防老年犯罪的积极效果。结合我国老年犯罪情况,我国应当编纂体系性精细化的全国统一老年犯罪数据;构建全过程分流预防机制,加强社会回归衔接;改善监所适老环境,加强身心健康科学指导。
The phenomenon of elderly crime derived from the aging population has become an important issue endangering public security in Japan.Entering the era of“order and harmony”,elderly crimes in Japan have shown new characteristics:a decrease in the number of criminal arrests but an increase in the seizure rate,a high incidence rate of property related crimes,an increase in the serving rate,intensification of the aging of sentences,and a rebound in the reimprisonment rate.In recent years,Japan has focused on preventing recidivism and promoting social recovery,forming a comprehensive and multi subject phased diversion prevention mechanism targeting elderly offenders,serving their sentences before,during the sentences and after release,with support into prison and release support as the axis,and criminal facility improvement as the focus.The implementation of these measures has had a positive effect on reducing and preventing elderly crime.Based on the situation of elderly crime in China,China should compile systematic and refined national unified elderly crime data;Establish a mechanism for preventing the diversion of the entire process and strengthen the connection of social recovery;Improve the elderly environment of the prison and strengthen scientific guidance on physical and mental health.
作者
罗钢
马振东
LUO Gang;MA Zhendong(School of Law,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China)
出处
《江苏理工学院学报》
2023年第5期69-77,共9页
Journal of Jiangsu University of Technology
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目“反恐刑事案件司法适用疑难问题研究”(XJEDU2021S1005)
新疆维吾尔自治区社科联新时代党的治疆方略理论与实践研究课题“新疆构建全方位立体式智能化社会治安防控体系研究”(2023ZJFLY01)
中国博士后科学基金“反恐刑法司法适用研究”(2019M663428)。
关键词
老年犯罪
防控对策
全过程分流预防
入口支援
出口支援
elderly crime
prevention and control measures
whole process diversion prevention
support into prison
release support
