摘要
目前关于制造危险后再予以消除能否成立中止这一问题,两类肯定说都是以整体行为尚未结束为由认为犯罪未最终既遂,故可以中止。但从规范论的视角来看,中止是制裁(媒介)规范,能与具体制裁规范结合并调整刑罚。危险犯与实害犯的行为规范相互独立、无法过渡,法定危险状态代表着危险犯的既遂,意味着行为规范已经被彻底违反并且启动最高程度的制裁规范,不存在与中止条款结合的余地。成立危险犯中止需要从否定法定危险状态切入。危险是结果发生的一种可能状态,行为人对危险的控制和消除,既是危险发展的终态,也是危险的构成本身。从事后的角度来看,行为人消除了自然意义上的危险,危险犯也因为尚未出现法定危险状态并未既遂,因此可以成立中止。这样的证成路径能够符合规范论的基本原理。
In the field of potential damage offense,the research on the mitigation of punishment focuses on the question,whether it can be regarded as discontinuance when danger is created and then eliminated.The current two affirmative theories hold that a crime can be regarded as discontinuance as the criminal act is not yet completed.However,from the perspective of Normentheorie,discontinuance is the sanction(media)norm,which can be combined with the specific sanction norm to adjust the punishment.The potential damage offense and the actual damage offense have their own code of conduct,and cannot be transitioned from one to the other.That is to say,the legal danger state represents the completion of potential damage offense and violation of the code of conduct to initiate the highest level of sanction norm,where there is no room for the discontinuance clause to be applied.Therefore,to determine if it is discontinuance of a crime,it is necessary to check if the legal danger state occurs.Danger is a possible state of the result.The actor's control and elimination of danger is not only the final state of danger development,but also the composition of danger itself.In retrospect,since the actor has eliminated the danger in the natural sense,and the potential damage offense has not been completed as the legal danger state did not occur,it can be called as discontinuance of a crime.Such a justification conforms to the basic principle of Normentheorie.
作者
程昇
CHENG Sheng(School of Law,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)
出处
《河南警察学院学报》
2023年第4期83-93,共11页
Journal of Henan Police College
关键词
危险犯中止
规范论
制裁规范
自然意义的危险
discontinuance of potential damage offense
Normentheorie
sanction norms
danger in natural sense
