摘要
枕簧是铁路货车减振装置的关键部件,发挥着承载和缓冲的作用,其尺寸直接影响车辆的减振能力与特性。为保证行车安全,铁路货车段修和厂修时必须对枕簧几何尺寸等进行测量与检查。为提高枕簧检修过程中的测量效率,提出了一种基于三维激光点云的枕簧几何尺寸测量方法。该方法采用线激光传感器获取了枕簧三维点云数据,利用下采样和k-means聚类等算法实现了点云数据的预处理,然后通过平面拟合利用高度测量算法测量了枕簧高度;经过点云降维、边缘提取、圆分割后利用改进的圆拟合算法测量了枕簧内、外直径。搭建试验平台进行了测量算法的精度、可靠性和重复性试验。结果表明:测量10组不同枕簧,最大平均误差在±0.35 mm内,平均测量时间为2.7 s;测量4组枕簧10次,最大平均误差在±0.35 mm内,重复性小于3%。测试结果具有良好的精度和稳定性,满足检修规程和检修工艺要求。
Objective Damping springs and bolster springs(hereinafter referred to as bolster springs)are important components of a railway freight car bogie,which carry the main load when the vehicle is running.According to the relevant regulations,bolster springs need to be repaired and replaced regularly.Moreover,the driving safety of the vehicle is directly affected by the dimensions of each group of bolster springs.Thus,it is necessary to disassemble the bolster spring and perform maintenance on each part separately,and the qualified and unqualified products need to be distinguished and classified based on their dimensions.Under the traditional operation mode,the model and type of bolster spring are determined by measuring the height of the bolster spring using a free height ruler,measuring the diameter of the round steel of the bolster spring using a spring diameter gauge,and through manual visual inspection.Typically,several bolster springs of different types are used in railway freight cars.Thus,the use of the manual detection method is inefficient,labor intensive,and vulnerable to human interference,making it difficult to meet the current maintenance needs of bolster springs.To develop an intelligent maintenance system for bolster springs that can replace manual operation,a key technical problem,namely,the design of a stable and efficient detection algorithm for bolster springs,needs to be urgently solved.Through investigations and analyses,researchers have made certain advancements in the field of bolster spring detection;however,most of them include patents and very few are related to detection algorithms.Therefore,a point cloud detection method for the bolster spring size is proposed in this paper based on 3D laser point cloud technology to achieve the stable,high-precision,and efficient detection of the bolster spring size.Methods In this study,the bolster spring point cloud data were collected using a line laser sensor and the size of the bolster spring was measured using point cloud processing technology.First,
作者
王志远
刘桓龙
刘威
Wang Zhiyuan;Liu Huanlong;Liu Wei(Engineering Research Center of Advanced Drive Energy Saving Technologies,Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;Tangshan Institute,Southwest Jiaotong University,Tangshan 063000,Hebei,China)
出处
《中国激光》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第19期70-81,共12页
Chinese Journal of Lasers
关键词
测量
枕簧测量
三维点云
线激光传感器
平面拟合
measurements
bolster spring measurement
three-dimensional point cloud
line laser sensor
plane fitting
