摘要
了解青藏高原草原火灾时空分布以及火灾成因对于维护高原地区的生态屏障功能、畜牧业的可持续发展和灾害风险管理具有十分重要的意义。论文以青海省为研究区,基于历史火灾资料记录和2002—2020年的MODIS火烧迹地产品MCD64A1,运用核密度估计方法等对草原火灾时空分布规律以及发生原因进行了分析。结果显示:(1)青海省草原火灾呈现东多西少的格局,且泽库县、贵南县、河南县是发生草原火灾次数最多的3个县;草地类型和人类活动与草原火灾的空间分布相关性最为显著,且草地类型起主导作用,而人类活动是重要的诱发因素,即道路和居民点1 km范围内的高寒草甸是草原火灾的高发区。(2)随着野外火源的增多,2002—2020年遥感和统计调查的青海省草原火灾频次呈波动上升趋势,但平均过火面积在逐步减小,说明灭火能力在不断提升;草原火灾发生的频次在季节上具有明显的双峰型特征,即深秋和冬末火灾频次最多,春季次之,夏季则比较鲜见。(3)高压线碰火、放牧取暖和燃放鞭炮是诱发青海省草原火灾的主要人为因素。研究结果可为摸清青海省草原火灾的底数和分析高原草原火灾的社会、生态影响,制定区域内有效的草原火灾预防管理体系提供一定的支持。
Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution and causes of grassland fires is of great importance for maintaining the ecological barrier function,sustainable development of animal husbandry,and disaster risk management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,taking Qinghai Province,China as the study area,the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and causes of grassland fires were analyzed based on historical fire data and MODIS fire trails product MCD64A1 from 2002 to 2020,using the kernel density estimation method.The results indicate that:1)Grassland fires in Qinghai Province showed a pattern of more in the east and less in the west;and Zeku,Guinan,and Henan cunties had the highest number of grassland fires.Grassland types and human activities dominated this spatial pattern,and grassland types played a major role,while human activities were important triggering factors—alpine meadows within 1 km of roads and settlements were the high incidence areas.2)With the increase of wildfire sources,the frequency of grassland fires identified by remote sensing and historical fire data showed a fluctuating upward trend in Qinghai Province from 2002 to 2020,but the average fire area was gradually decreasing.It indicates that the fire extinguishing ability was constantly improving.The frequency of grassland fires showed clear bimodal seasonal characteristics—fires were most frequent in late autumn and winter,followed by spring,and relatively rare in summer.3)High-voltage line fires,heating of herders,and firecrackers were the main human factors that caused grassland fires in Qinghai Province.The results of this study can provide some support for creating an inventory of grassland fires in Qinghai Province,analyzing the social and ecological impacts of grassland fires on the plateau,and developing an effective grassland fire prevention management system.
作者
黄永生
夏兴生
周强
潘耀忠
陈英明
李宏达
HUANG Yongsheng;XIA Xingsheng;ZHOU Qiang;PAN Yaozhong;CHEN Yingming;LI Hongda(Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China;Geomatics Technology and Application Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai General Station of Grassland,Xining 810008,China)
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期1973-1983,共11页
Progress in Geography
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0406,2019QZKK0906)
青海省重点研发与转化计划科技成果转化专项(2023-SF-109)。
关键词
草原火灾
时空特征
起火原因
青海省
grassland fire
spatiotemporal characteristics
causes of fire
Qinghai Province
