摘要
由白粉菌(Erysiphe quercicola)引起的白粉病是橡胶树的主要病害之一,近年来在我国植胶区大面积暴发,严重影响橡胶树的产胶量。作为常见的胶园防护林树种,常绿乔木马占相思(Acacia mangium)是橡胶树白粉菌重要的寄主之一,研究橡胶树白粉菌与马占相思的生物互作,可进一步了解白粉菌在寄主上的行为反应,为有效控制橡胶树白粉病的初侵染源提供技术指导。研究发现:低温驯化可显著增强马占相思对橡胶树白粉病的抗性。23℃培养的马占相思嫩叶接种橡胶树白粉菌时发病严重,19℃驯化30 d的马占相思嫩叶发病较轻,15℃驯化30 d的嫩叶和23℃培养的成熟叶均不发病。扫描电镜观察发现,23℃培养的马占相思嫩叶表面不平整,蜡质晶体结构凸起且排列不规则,相互叠加缠绕;19℃驯化的嫩叶表面趋于平整,蜡质晶体结构凸起,排列有序;15℃驯化的嫩叶和23℃培养的成熟叶的表面平整,蜡质晶体结构表面平滑且有明显的晶体状蜡质。利用气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS/MS)对马占相思叶片的蜡质组成进行定性定量分析,与23℃培养的马占相思嫩叶相比,15℃和19℃驯化的嫩叶和23℃培养的成熟叶的蜡质组成更为复杂。15℃驯化的嫩叶主要蜡质成分及其含量与23℃培养的成熟叶更为一致,C_(36)烷、C_(30)酮、C_(32)酯和C_(30)醇的相对含量均显著降低。另外,15℃驯化可提高马占相思嫩叶在接种白粉菌时的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)氧化酶活性,其中SOD表现最明显。综上所述,推测低温驯化可能通过促进马占相思嫩叶蜡质晶体结构及组成的成熟化,阻止橡胶树白粉菌的侵染,从而提高植株抗病能力。本研究结果有利于了解橡胶树白粉病与寄主的互作关系,为橡胶树白粉病的高效防治提供理论依据。
Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe quercicola is one of the major diseases of rubber trees.There have been large outbreaks in rubber tree planting areas in China in recent years,seriously reducing the rubber yield.As a common protective forest species in rubber plantations,the evergreen tree Acacia mangium is one of the important host of rubber tree powdery mildew.The study of the biological interactions between E.quercicola and A.mangium could improve the understanding of the behavior of E.quercicola and provide technical guidance for effectively controlling of the primary source of the disease.In this study,cold acclimation significantly enhanced the resistance of A.mangium to rubber tree powdery mildew.The young leaves of A.mangium cultured at 23℃had severe lesions when inoculated with E.quer-cicola,the young leaves of plants acclimated at 19℃for 30 days had less lesions,and the young leaves of plants ac-climated at 15℃for 30 days and the mature leaves cultured at 23℃had no lesion.Electron microscopy scans revealed that the surface of young leaves of A.mangium cultured at 23℃was uneven.The surface of the young leaves cultured at 19℃tended to be flat,with a raised and well-arranged waxy crystal structure.The raised and irregularly waxy crystal structure superimposed and entangled with each other.The surface of young leaves of plants acclimated at 15℃and mature leaves of plants cultivated at 23℃was flat.The surface of the waxy crystal structure was smooth and had ob-vious crystal-like waxes.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS/MS)was used to analyze the wax content of A.mangium leaves on both the qualitative and quantitative level.Compared with the young leaves of A.mangium culti-vated at 23℃,the wax composition of the young leaves acclimated at 15℃and 19℃and the mature leaves of the plants cultured at 23℃were more complex.The main wax components and contents of young leaves acclimated at 15℃were more consistent with those of mature leaves cultured at 23℃,and the relative content
作者
王燕
黄曦泽
冯德宇
王萌
梁晓宇
张宇
WANG Yan;HUANG Xize;FENG Deyu;WANG Meng;LIANG Xiaoyu;ZHANG Yu(College of Plant Protection,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Sanya Nanfan Research Institute,Hainan University,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期2118-2125,共8页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.32160370)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系病害岗位专家项目(No.CARS-33-BC1)
热带作物病虫害防控项目(No.18220003)。
关键词
马占相思
橡胶树白粉病
寄主
低温驯化
抗性
Acacia mangium
rubber tree powdery mildew
host
cold acclimation
resistance
