摘要
工业机器人是实现中国产业结构升级和经济高质量发展的重要推手,随着在各行业生产经营活动中的广泛应用,引发了各界对于其经济后果的密切关注。本文基于工业机器人应用产生的人工替代和就业创造效应,并结合我国劳动力供给和产业结构现状,探究了工业机器人应用对微观企业劳动力成本粘性的影响。研究发现,工业机器人应用显著降低了企业劳动力成本粘性。机制检验表明,工业机器人应用降低了生产经营活动中对劳动力的依赖,企业在业绩下降时裁撤了更多低教育水平冗余劳动力资源,通过减少员工数量而非降低员工薪酬待遇的方式调整劳动力成本。此外,工业机器人应用对于劳动力成本粘性的降低作用在劳动力被替代可行性较高、劳动力调整成本较低、民营企业、行业竞争程度较高以及客户集中度较低时更加明显。本文的研究结论不仅为“机器人换人”提升企业生产经营效率提供了来自中国的直接证据,也为如何规避“机器人换人”的潜在风险提供借鉴。
Industrial robots are important for upgrading China's industrial structure and promoting high⁃quality economic development.Industrial robots are used in various production and management activities,arousing widespread attention to their possible economic consequences.The widespread application of industrial robots not only replaces human work in some simple,repeated,and high⁃risk fields,improves production efficiency and quality,but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries.Existing studies have fully discussed the employment replacement and job creation effects caused by the application of industrial robots from the macro and micro perspectives,but there are relatively few studies on how it affects the decision⁃making of enterprises based on this.Therefore,based on the two effects discussed above,and combined with the current situation of China's labor supply and industrial structure,this paper studies the impact of industrial robot application on the stickiness of firm⁃level labor costs.We find that the application of industrial robots significantly reduces firm⁃level labor cost stickiness.Specifically,the application of industrial robots reduces the dependence on labor in business and operations,and enterprises cut more low⁃skilled redundant labor resources when performance declines,adjusting labor costs by reducing the number of employees rather than reducing employee compensation.In addition,the reducing effect of industrial robot application on labor cost stickiness is more obvious when the feasibility of labor replacement is high,the cost of labor adjustment is low,in private enterprises,the degree of market competition is high,and the degree of customer concentration is low.The conclusion of this paper enriches the research on the economic consequences of industrial robot applications,adds to the literature on influencing factors of labor cost stickiness,provides direct China evidence on the robot replacement effect and,thereafter,improves enterpris
作者
田高良
施诺
刘晓丰
TIAN Gao-liang;SHI Nuo;LIU Xiao-feng(School of Management,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shanxi,710049,China;School of Business,City University of Hong Kong,HongKong,999077,China)
出处
《经济管理》
北大核心
2023年第9期28-49,共22页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“网络舆情对企业绩效与股票加个的影响机制及管理方法研究”(71672141)
2021国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“数字经济时代科创板上市公司信息披露机理及经济后果研究”(21FGLB006)
教育部人文社会科学基金项目“科创板上市公司多元化信息披露研究”(21YJA630082)。
关键词
工业机器人
劳动力成本粘性
替代效应
就业创造效应
industrial robots
labor cost stickiness
labor displacement effect
job creation effect
