摘要
随着陆地资源日益短缺,深海矿产资源将成为人类未来社会经济可持续发展的重要保障。采集装置作为深海采矿系统的重要组成部分,不仅要解决采集率问题还要关注采矿活动造成的环境扰动。基于康达效应与CFD方法,获取采集装置不同运动状态下的流场数值模拟结果,精细划分流场内部结核各运动阶段的迁移状态,并使用射流角度与凸曲面壁半径控制变量,探讨采集装置参数对流场特征的影响,进而优化采集装置参数匹配。结果表明:1)采集装置射流角度和凸曲面壁半径的增大,增加了流场均匀度,使得动能更集中于底部区域,采集装置运动速度的增加会增强凸曲面壁下康达效应,当速度为0.5 m/s时,内部流场较为稳定;2)采集装置射流角度、凸曲面壁半径与结核升力指数和曳力存在显著相关性,一定范围内,升力指数随着采集装置射流角度变大或凸曲面壁半径变小而升高;3)分析对比结核运动阶段中迁移变化,当采集装置离底高度为80 mm,射流角度为45°,凸曲面壁半径为350 mm,采集装置运动速度为0.5 m/s时,结核能够精准进入吸入口。研究结果可为深海多金属结核采集装置的设计与研发提供重要参考。
As the scarcity of terrestrial resources increases,deep-sea mineral resources are becoming an important guarantee for the future socioeconomic sustainable development of humankind.Collection devices,as vital components of deep-sea mining systems,need to address not only the pick-up efficiency but also the environmental disturbances caused by mining activities.Based on the Coandǎeffect and CFD methods,numerical simulations of the flow field under different motion states of the collection device are performed.The internal structures of the flow field during various stages of motion are finely delineated,and control variables such as jet angle and convex curved wall radius are used to investigate the influence of collection device parameters on flow field characteristics,thereby optimizing the matching of collection device parameters.The results indicate the following:increasing the jet angle and convex curved wall radius of the collection device improves flow field uniformity and concentrates kinetic energy in the bottom region.Increasing the movement speed of the collection device enhances the Coandǎeffect beneath the convex curved wall,and the internal flow field remains relatively stable at a speed of 0.5 m/s.There is a significant correlation between the jet angle,convex curved wall radius,and the lift and drag coefficients of the collection device.Within a certain range,the lift coefficient increases with larger jet angles or smaller convex curved wall radius.Analyzing the migration variations during different stages of the internal structures,it is found that with a collection device height above the seabed of 80 mm,a jet angle of 45°,a convex curved wall radius of 350 mm,and a collection device movement speed of 0.5 m/s,the collection device accurately captures the nodules into the inlet.These research findings provide important references for the design and development of deep-sea polymetallic nodule collection devices.
作者
杨强
刘珅
降星辰
刘广治
夏建新
YANG Qiang;LIU Shen;JIANG Xingchen;LIU Guangzhi;XIA Jianxin(School of Ocean Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Minerals and Polar Geology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Institute of Exploration Engineering,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《海洋工程》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期181-192,共12页
The Ocean Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1906234,51339008)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2801500)。
关键词
多金属结核
康达效应
海底采矿
采集装置
参数匹配
运动特征
polymetallic nodules
Coandǎeffect
undersea mining
collection device
parameter matching
motion feature
