摘要
Two-electron neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries(AORFBs)hold more promising applications in the power grid than one-electron batteries because of their higher capacity.However,their development is strongly limited by the structural instability of the highly reduced species.By combining the extendedπ-conjugation structure of the anolytes and the enhanced aromaticity of the highly reduced species,we reported a series of highly conjugated and inexpensive arylene diimide derivatives(NDI,PDI,and TPDI)as novel two-electron storage anolyte materials for ultrastable AORFBs.Matched with(ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride(FcNCl)as catholyte,arylene diimide derivative-based AORFBs showed the highest stability in two-electron AORFBs to date.The NDI/FcNCl-based AORFB delivered 98.44%capacity retention at 40 mA cm^(−2)for 350 cycles;TPDI/FcNCl-based AORFB also showed remarkable stability with 97.22%capacity retention at 20 mA cm^(−2)over 200 cycles.This finding lays the theoretical foundation and offers a reference for improving the stability of two-electron AORFBs.
基金
supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22175138 and 21875180)
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2021YFB3200700)
the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(grant no.2021GXLH-Z023)
the Independent Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Xi’an Jiaotong University(grant no.PY3A066)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.xhj032021008-03)
the Regional Innovation Capability Guidance Program of Shaanxi Province the Fundamental(grant no.2022QFY08-01)
the Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.xzy022022001).
