摘要
资本权是因投资财产资本化而产生、形成或衍生的特殊民事权利;权利产生依据为投资行为及基于投资行为形成的投资法律关系;权利主体为投资主体;权利客体为投资财产经价值化、资本化之后转换而形成的抽象资本或资本类权益。资本权具有财产性、营业性、资本性、期待性、风险性、商事性等基本属性。资本权的核心为资本投入的收益权,在法律上赋予投资主体以应得利益和分配权利,实乃满足商人之逐利目的、切合资本之增值属性、维持营业之支撑要素、适应投资之分离形态、反映权利之核心利益、促进民生之内在需要的当然、应由、必要之举。我国《民法典》在总则编中以第125条专列“股权和其他投资性权利”,此举无论是在政策宣示,还是立法主旨,抑或是制度安排等方面,均具划时代的标志意义。资本权按投资主体在特定投资法律关系中的角色和地位,可分为股权式投资人权利与债权式投资人权利两大类型。基于投资而产生、形成或衍生的资本权在营业领域和商事权利中地位的初始性、基础性,决定了政策上的确认宣示和法律上的保护救济之必要性、重要性;故尊重、确认、促进、保护、救济投资主体的资本权,应为商法营造初始、基础营商环境的第一要务。
capital or capital equity formed by the conversion of investment property after value and capitalization.Capital right has the basic attributes of property,business,capital,expectation,risk,commerce and so on.The core of capital right is the income right of capital investment so that it should give legal investors due benefits and distribution rights.It is only a natural,necessary and essential act to meet the profit-seeking purpose of traders,suit the value-added attribute of capital,maintain the supporting elements of business,adapt to the separation form of investment,reflect the core interests of rights and promote the internal needs of people’s livelihood.It is undoubtedly of epoch-making symbolic significance whether in policy declaration,legislative purport or institutional arrangement that Article 125 of the general provisions in Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China specifically lists“Share right and other investment rights”.Capital rights could be divided into two types,enterprise investors’rights and credit investors’rights according to the role and status of investors in specific investment legal relations.It is of necessity and importance to be confirmed or declared in policy and be protected or relieved legally due to the initial and basic status of capital right generated,formed or derived from investment in the business field and commercial rights;therefore,it should be the first priority for Commercial Law to create an initial and basic business environment,and to respect,confirm,promote,protect and relieve capital right of investors.
出处
《湖湘法学评论》
2023年第4期64-83,共20页
HUXIANG LAW REVIEW
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目:优化营商环境视角下营业权利保护研究(20AFX018)。
