摘要
水獭作为淡水生态系统健康的指示种和旗舰物种,在维持水生生态系统平衡与稳定中发挥着重要作用。然而目前对于完达山东部地区水獭种群数量、分布及其生境选择的影响因素的研究较为匮乏,严重影响了对该物种的野外保护与管理工作。于2021年12月至2022年4月冬季河流封冻期,采用沿河随机样线调查和红外相机监测相结合的方法对完达山东部地区8条主河和23条支流内的欧亚水獭(Lutra lutra)种群数量、分布现状进行了调查,并利用广义可加模型探究水獭出现频次与环境因子的关系。研究结果表明:(1)欧亚水獭在完达山东部水獭种群数量为571—661只,水獭种群密度为沿河(0.5559±0.2898)只/km,呈现中间高,四周低的趋势;(2)环境因子对水獭出现频次影响分析表明,河流深度、距农田距离、距居民区距离和距道路距离是影响水獭出现频次的关键因素。水獭出现频次与河流深度(0—40 cm)呈线性正相关,当河流深度达到40—50 cm时,水獭出现频次最高,之后随着河流深度的增加,出现频次降低;水獭出现频次与距农田距离(0—1.5 km)呈非线性正相关,在距农田距离为1.5—2 km范围内,水獭出现频次最高,之后降低;水獭出现频次与距居民区距离呈线性正相关;水獭出现频次与距道路距离呈非线性关系,当距离>7 km时,二者之间呈现为正相关,反之呈现为负相关。因此,水獭选择栖息地偏向于河流深(40—50 cm),远离农田(1.5—2 km)、居民区和道路(>7 km)的水域。研究为完达山东部欧亚水獭物种保护提供了基础数据和理论依据,建议通过河岸土地覆盖类型的管理、在河岸周围建立森林缓冲区及加强水獭保护宣传力度等措施实现对水獭物种及其栖息地的维持和保护。
As an indicator and flagship species of freshwater ecosystem health,otters play an important role in maintaining the balance and stability of aquatic ecosystems.However,there is little research about the otter population in the eastern Wanda Mountains such as their distribution,size and the environmental factors affecting their habitat selection,which hurts the protection and the management of the otter species.Here,we aim to study the distribution and size of the Eurasian otter(Lutra lutra)population in 8 main rivers and 23 tributaries in the eastern Wanda Mountain.During the freezing period of rivers in winter from December 2021 to April 2022,the otter population were firstly investigated using a combination of random transect surveys along the river and infrared camera monitoring.Then,the generalized additive model(GAMs)was used to explore the relationship between Eurasian otter occurrence frequency and the environmental factors.The results showed that:(1)the Eurasian otter was widely distributed in the eastern part of Wanda Mountain.The population ranged from 571 to 661 individuals.The population density was 0.5559±0.2898 per kilometer along the river showing a trend of bigger otter populations in the middle and smaller populations in the surrounding area.(2)The key factors affected the occurrence frequency of otters include the depth of the river,the distance from farmland,the distance from residential areas and the distance from roads.The occurrence frequency of Eurasian otters were linearly positively correlated with river depth(0—40 cm).When the river depth reached 40—50 cm,the occurrence frequency of otters was the highest and then decreased with the increase of river depth.The occurrence of otters was positively correlated with the distance from farmland(0—1.5 km).The occurrence frequency was the highest within the range of 1.5—2 km from farmland and then decreased with the increase of the distance from farmland.The occurrence frequency of Eurasian otters was linearly positively correlated with
作者
杨波
周绍春
张明海
陈红
王启蕃
YANG Bo;ZHOU Shaochun;ZHANG Minghai;CHEN Hong;WANG Qifan(College of Wildlife Resource,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Wildlife Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第20期8655-8662,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021B002)。
关键词
欧亚水獭
完达山东部
样线法
红外相机监测
广义可加模型(GAM)
Eurasian otter
eastern Wanda Mountains
line transect method
infrared camera monitoring
generalized additive model
