摘要
推进耕地保护政策治理向法治化治理的转型,亟待厘清耕地保护补偿的实践困境及正当性基础,明晰其法权构造和入法路径。与损害性补偿(赔偿)和预防性补偿不同,耕地保护补偿是基于土地财产权管制的保护性补偿,发挥着激励性管制的分配正义功能。土地财产权与生态利益构成了耕地保护管制双重影响下的权益基础,而生态利益实质上是从土地权利束分离而来的土地发展权,二者“一体二维”的关联结构导致耕地保护补偿呈现出土地财产权公益限制补偿与生态利益补偿的二维交织样态,形成双层架构。公平负担和利益共享理论的耦合关联关系让双层谱系的利益补偿竞合为一体化的耕地保护补偿。在双层谱系架构中,土地利用管制下私人财产利益损失之弥补处于第一层级,土地发展权之期待利益的公平分配处于第二层级,第一层级具有决定作用。耕地保护补偿的双层谱系法理逻辑是其法治化建构的重要指引。推进“数量+质量+生态”三维一体的耕地保护,平衡私益和公益,实现分配正义,亟待建立面向微观主体的国家补偿体系,构建以土地发展权为纽带的补偿调节机制,建立健全“互惠”型多元补偿方式,确立村集体利益补偿分配的双重地位。
In order to promote the transformation of farmland protection from policy governance to legal governance,it is urgent to clarify the practical dilemma and legitimacy basis of farmland protection compensation,and its legal right structure and legal path.Different from damage compensation and preventive compensation,farmland protection compensation is a protective measure based on the regulation of land property rights,which acts the distribution justice function of incentive control.Land property rights and ecological interests form the basis of rights and interests under the dual influence of land use regulation,while the spillover ecological interests are essentially land development rights separated from the bundle of land rights,and the two-dimensional structure of land property rights and ecological interests leads to a two-dimensional intertwined structure of farmland protection compensation,with the public interest restriction compensation for land property rights and ecological benefit compensation.The coupled correlations of fair burden and benefit sharing theories allow a two-tier spectrum of benefit compensation to merge into an integrated farmland protection compensation.In the logical structure of the two-tier spectrum of farmland protection compensation,the compensation for the loss of private property interests under land use regulation is at the first level,and the equitable distribution of the expected benefits of land development rights is at the second level,with the first level playing a decisive role.Two-tiered jurisprudential logic of farmland protection compensation is an important guide for its legal construction.To promote the three-dimensional integrated farmland protection of"quantity+quality+ecology",balance private interests and public welfare,and realize distribution justice,it is urgent to establish a national compensation system oriented to micro subjects,build a compensation and adjustment mechanism linked by land development rights,establish and improve the"mutual benefit"multiple
作者
胡大伟
HU Da-wei(School of Law,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou 310015,China)
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期2569-2580,共12页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(21BFX055)。
关键词
耕地保护补偿
公益限制补偿
生态利益补偿
法治逻辑
立法表达
farmland protection compensation
compensation for public welfare restrictions
ecological benefit compensation
rule of law logic
legislative expression
