摘要
《太平圣惠方》作为宋王朝官修的第一部医学方书,也是我国现存最早的官修医学方书,代表了宋代前期医学理论、临床医学诸科和方剂学知识发展的最高成就。该书曾在东亚地区得到积极的传播,先后由使者、僧人、商人等传入朝鲜半岛、日本地区,受到朝鲜高丽王朝、李朝和日本平安、镰仓、江户时代医学家的高度重视。《太平圣惠方》传入朝鲜半岛后有刊本出现,但未能流传下来,其内容大多被抄入《御修医方类聚》之中;传入日本后不仅有宋刊本传世,而且还出现了天明五年和刻本、钞本、节选本和影印本等。朝鲜、日本学者撰写的目录学著作中收载了《太平圣惠方》的作者、目录、卷数和版本信息;医家撰写的著作中也大量引用了《太平圣惠方》中内、外、妇、儿、五官诸科病证及其诊断学、方剂学、针灸学、养生学等方面的知识,广泛应用于疾病治疗、药品生产和医学教育等。晚清及民国以来,《太平圣惠方》的日钞本又回流至中国,弥补了国内《太平圣惠方》文本中缺失的内容,在东亚医学文献交流史上发挥了重要作用。
Taiping Sheng Hui Fang(《太平圣惠方》Taiping Holy Formulary for Universal Relief)was the first official medical formulary compiled by the Song government,and also was the earliest existing literature of its kind in the history of China.It represented the highest achievements in the development of medical theory,clinical medicine and formula knowledge in the early Song Dynasty.The book was actively disseminated in the Korean Peninsula and Japan by envoys,monks,businessmen,etc.,and was highly valued by Korean physicians in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties,and Japanese physicians of Heian,Kamakura and Edo Periods.After the book was introduced to the Korean Peninsula,there appeared a Korean print edition,but it was not passed down,and most of its contents was transcribed into the Yu Xiu Yi Fang Lei Ju(《御修医方类聚》Royal Compilation of Classified Formulary).When the book was spread to Japan,not only was the Song edition handed down,but there also developed Japanese-printed edition on the 5th-year of Tianming Period and a large number of manuscripts,excerpts and photocopies afterwards.The bibliography books written by Korean and Japanese scholars recorded the author,catalogue,volume and editions of Taiping Sheng Hui Fang,and the medical books by Korean and Japanese physicians quoted from it extensively the knowledge regarding diseases and diagnosis of TCM internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics and ENT medicine,formulae,acupuncture and moxibustion and health preservation,all of which was widely used in disease treatment,drug production and medical education in Korea and Japan.Since the late Qing and the Republic of China,the Japanese manuscripts of Taiping Sheng Hui Fang have returned to China,supplementing the missing contents in the text of its Chinese counterpart,and playing an important role in the history of medical literature exchanges in East Asian.
作者
韩毅
HAN Yi(The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《中医药文化》
2023年第5期403-417,共15页
Chinese Medical Culture
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(23BZS038)。
关键词
宋朝
《太平圣惠方》
官修医学方书
朝鲜半岛
日本
书籍史
Song Dynasty
Taiping Sheng Hui Fang(《太平圣惠方》Taiping Holy Formulary for Universal Relief)
Official Medical Formulary
Korean Peninsula
Japan
History of Books
