摘要
目的分析淄博市张店区新发职业性尘肺病(以下简称“尘肺病”)的分布特征、患者生存状况和保障情况。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选择1956—2019年淄博市张店区1189例新发尘肺病患者为研究对象,分析其发病年龄、工龄、行业类别、尘肺病种类和医疗保障等情况。结果1189例尘肺病患者发病年龄中位数(M)和第25、75百分位数(P_(25),P_(75))为51.8(45.5,56.1)岁;死亡率为37.0%。尘肺病种类以职业性矽肺和职业性煤工尘肺患者居多,分别占45.2%和39.8%;行业分布以煤炭开采和洗选业患者最多,占42.4%;其次为制造业,占33.4%。尘肺病壹期、贰期和叁期患者分别占89.1%、8.7%和2.2%。接尘工龄M(P_(25),P_(75))为24.1(16.5,29.9)年;尘肺病期别越高,接尘工龄越短(P值均<0.05)。尘肺病患者总存活率为63.0%,5年生存率为92.3%,10年生存率为85.9%。749例存活患者年龄以60.0~<80.0岁为主,占60.8%;其医疗保险参保率为100.0%,大病保险参保率为96.1%,工伤保险参保率为81.8%。死亡患者死亡年龄M(P_(25),P_(75))为73.1(64.0,77.1)岁;以呼吸系统疾病和恶性肿瘤为主要死因,分别占59.3%和20.4%。结论淄博市张店区的尘肺病患者以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,医疗保障和救助种类相对较少;尘肺病防治重点病种为矽肺和煤工尘肺,重点行业为制造业。
Objective To analyze the distribution,survival conditions,and medical support of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis(hereinafter referred to as pneumoconiosis)patients in Zhangdian District,Zibo City.Methods A total of 1189 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients in Zhangdian District from 1956 to 2019 were selected as the study subjects using retrospective method.Data of their age of onset,years of occupational exposure,category of working industry,type of pneumoconiosis,and status of medical support was collected and analyzed.Results The median and the 25th-75th percentiles[M(P_(25),P_(75))]of the age of onset were 51.8(45.5,56.1)years,and the mortality was 37.0%.The majority of pneumoconiosis cases were silicosis(45.2%)and coal workers'pneumoconiosis(39.8%).The highest prevalence of pneumoconiosis was in the coal mining and washing industry(42.4%),fllowed by manufacturing(33.4%).Pneumoconiosis patients in stageⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢaccounted for 89.1%,8.7%,and 2.2%,respectively.The M(P_(25),P_(75))of the length of work exposed to dust were 24.1(16.5,29.9)years.The higher stage of pneumoconiosis the shorter of the length of work exposed to dust among these pneumoconiosis patients(all P<0.05).The overall survival rate,the 5-year survival rate and the 10-year survival rate of these pneumoconiosis patients were 63.0%,92.3%and 85.9%,respectively.Among the 749 surviving cases,60.8%were aged 60.0 to<80.0 years.In terms of social security,100.0%surviving cases enjoyed basic medical insurance,meanwhile,96.1%and 81.8%patients were covered by major medical insurances and occupational injury insurances,respectively.The M(P_(25),P_(75))of age at death were 73.1(64.0,77.1)years.The main causes of death were respiratory diseases(59.3%)and malignant tumors(20.4%).Conclusion The prevalent types of pneumoconiosis in Zhangdian District,Zibo City,are coal workers'pneumoconiosis and silicosis.Medical support and assistance are relatively limited.The pneumoconiosis prevention and control focus should be on silicosis and coal worker
作者
蒋春梅
易继湖
孙彦顺
门金龙
张诚
JIANG Chunmei;YI Jihu;SUN Yanshun;MEN Jinlong;ZHANG Cheng(Zhangdian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zibo,Shandong 255033,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第3期330-334,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
关键词
尘肺病
矽肺
煤工尘肺
生存分析
保障
死因
Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
Coal workers'pneumoconiosis
Survival analysis
Support
Causes of death
