摘要
目的了解乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童食物过敏的发生现状,探讨影响儿童食物过敏的主要影响因素,为儿童食物过敏的预防和控制提供理论依据。方法使用横断面调查研究法,于2019年8—12月在乌鲁木齐市对2~7岁儿童展开了问卷调查,调查内容包括儿童食物过敏的发生情况、个体、饮食及室内环境因素,分析不同因素对儿童食物过敏的影响。结果共调查8153名儿童,既往出现过食物过敏939例(11.52%),其中因食用鱼、虾及海鲜,鸡蛋,牛奶或奶制品,水果导致儿童发生食物过敏的较多。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,其中家庭平均年收入(10~<20万及≥20万)(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.00~1.57;OR=1.47,95%CI:1.11~1.94)、住所内饲养宠物(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.09~1.93)、住所内有蟑螂(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.06~1.44)、住所内有蚊子或苍蝇(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.09~1.54),孩子1岁前接受过抗生素治疗(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.16~1.65)、父亲患鼻炎(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.51~2.04)、母亲患鼻炎(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.40~1.90)、父亲患哮喘(OR=3.95,95%CI:2.36~6.64)、父亲患湿疹(OR=2.12,95%CI:1.61~2.78)、母亲患湿疹(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.80~2.84)是乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童食物过敏的危险因素;性别(女性)(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.65~0.87)是乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童食物过敏的保护因素。结论乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童具有较高的食物过敏发生风险,家长应重点关注有哮喘、鼻炎、湿疹遗传史的儿童,注重儿童饮食习惯,从避免室内饲养宠物,做好虫媒消杀,减少吸烟等方面入手,积极展开儿童食物过敏的防控工作。
Objective To understand the prevalence of food allergy in preschool children in Urumqi,and to discuss its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of food allergy in children.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 8153 children aged 2-7years in Urumqi from August to December,2019 using a self-designed questionnaire to collect study related information such as the occurrence of children's food allergy as well as individual,dietary and indoorenvironmental information.The major factors related to children's food allergy wereanalyzed.Results Out of 8153 children surveyed,939(11.52%)had histories of food allergies and most of the food allergies were caused by eating fish,shrimp,seafood,eggs,milk or dairy productsand fruits.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the average annual household income(100000-200000 and over 200000)(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.00-1.57;OR=1.47,95%CI:1.11-1.94),having pets indoors(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.09-1.93),having cockroaches in the house(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.06-1.44),having mosquitoes/flies inthe house(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.09-1.54),receiving antibiotic treatment before the age of 1 year(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.16-1.65),father with rhinitis(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.51-2.04),mother with rhinitis(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.40-1.90),father with asthma OR=3.95,95%CI:2.36-6.64),father with eczema(OR=2.12,95%CI:1.61-2.78,mother with eczema(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.80-2.84)were major risk factors for food allergy of preschool children inUrumqi.While female gender(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.65-0.87)was a protective factor.quit smoking in order to prevent food allergies of their children.Conclusions Preschool children in Urumqi face high risks of food allergies.Parents should pay more attention to children with genetic histories of asthma,rhinitis,eczema,and be familiar witht children's eating habits,and also to avoid having pets and insects indoors.
作者
王小兰
史浩楠
郭慧宁
谢大明
汪颖霞
王婷婷
WANG Xiaolan;SHI Haonan;GUO Huining;XIE Daming;WANG Yingxia;WANG Tingting(School of Nursing and Health Management,Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期753-758,共6页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
国家自然基金项目(81860179,81861138005)。
关键词
食物过敏
学龄前儿童
影响因素
Food allergy
Preschool children
Influencing factors
