摘要
近代中国大学经历了由传统大学向现代大学的转型,在此过程中,中国大学法经历了由萌芽到成熟的发展历程。大学法作为国家制定的规范大学组织和运作的根本性文件,体现为应然与实然的统一体,应然取决于法律文本所确定的内容,实然则是法律在大学实践中的成效。近代中国大学法浓缩了中外大学治理的思想和机制,呈现出不同的法律形态,不仅为中国大学发展奠定了法治基础,也为世界大学发展提供了中国经验。在文本上,近代中国大学法是一个西方大学模式在中国的移植和改造的过程;在实践上,近代中国大学法是一个文本与实践从显著背离到趋向统合的过程。近代中国大学法的演变主要体现为倡导自主精神的时代导向、宣扬科学精神的价值导向和推广民族国家思想的政治导向。时代与社会的不断发展是大学教育理念和教育制度不断创新的动力,只有立足自身发展历程和现实背景,与社会发展相适应,我国大学才能在服务国家与走向世界的教育强国建设进程中,探索一条适合自己的发展道路。
In China,latter-day universities transformed from traditional universities to modern universities.In this process,latter-day Chinese university laws evolved from an embryonic period to a mature period.As fundamental documents formulated by the state to regulate the organization and operation of universities,they reflected the unity of necessity,which lay in what was enacted by legal texts,and reality,which indicated the actual effect of laws in university practice.Condensing the ideas and mechanisms of university governance at home and abroad,and presenting different legal forms,they not only laid a rule-of-law foundation for the development of Chinese universities,but also provided Chinese experience for the development of worldwide universities.In texts,these laws reflected the transplantation and localization of Western university modes in China;in practice,they embodied the significant deviation of the texts from practice,and the tendency of their integration.Their evolution was mainly reflected in the latter-day orientation toward an independent spirit,the value orientation toward a scientific spirit,and the political orientation toward national ideology.The continuous development of the times and society remains the driving force for the unremitting innovation of universities'educational concepts and systems.Only by focusing on their own development and practical backgrounds and adapting to social development can Chinese universities explore a suitable path of development in the process of serving the country and building a powerful country in education across the world.
作者
鲁幽
Lu You(Research Center for Education Legislation and Standards,Chi National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088)
出处
《教育研究》
北大核心
2023年第9期97-107,共11页
Educational Research
基金
北京市教育科学2019年度青年专项课题“中国现代大学教育法律发展史研究”(编号:BCCA19049)的研究成果。
关键词
近代中国
大学法
移植
本土化
latter-day China
university law
transplantation
localization
