摘要
【目的】探讨南疆棉田下施氮量对棉田土壤无机氮素含量、棉花产量、养分吸收利用的影响。【方法】以新陆早66号为材料,设置5个施氮量处理(0、150、225、300、450 kg N/hm~2,分别以N0、N150、N225、N300、N450表示),于2021年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行大田试验。测定棉田0~60 cm土层硝态氮铵态氮含量、棉花干物质量、氮素积累量、产量等指标。【结果】(1)各处理土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量均随土壤加深而减少。随施氮水平提高,0~60 cm各土层硝态氮、铵态氮含量均显著增加,硝态氮在蕾期0~20 cm土层各处理差异显著(P<0.05,下同),施肥处理较N0增长1.54~2.47倍;苗期0~20 cm土层N225和N300处理铵态氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),N450处理较其他处理显著提高57%~140%。铵态氮含量在苗期丰盈,盛铃期明显缺乏;而硝态氮含量苗期缺乏,盛铃期丰盈。(2)棉花各器官干物质量、氮素含量、皮棉产量、氮肥利用率、农学利用率均随施肥量的增加呈先增后减趋势,且均在N300处理下最大,N300处理下棉株根、茎、叶、蕾花铃干物质积累量最大,分别为4.16、20.33、7.47、10.84 g/plant;氮素积累量为304.00 kg/hm~2,蕾花铃的氮素积累量占比较高,为32.17%,较其他处理高3.95%~5.27%;籽棉产量达到6574.8 kg/hm~2,较其他处理产量提高21.23%~67.54%,氮肥利用率提高6.85%~20.88%,农学利用率提高2.86%~6.66%。【结论】氮肥最佳施肥量为300 kg/hm~2。当施氮量超过300 kg/hm~2,棉花干物质量、氮积累量降低,土壤硝态氮铵态氮含量较高,氮利用效率降低,增产效果不明显。
【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on soil inorganic nitrogen content,cotton yield,nutrient absorption and utilization in cotton field in Southern Xinjiang.【Method】Taken Xinluzao 66 as the material,five nitrogen application treatments(0,150,225,300,450 kg N/hm 2,respectively expressed as N0,N150,N225,N300,N450)were set,and field tests in Shaya county,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang in 2021 were conducted.The content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,dry matter quality,nitrogen accumulation and yield of cotton in 0-60 cm soil layer were measured.【Result】(i)The content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil of each treatment decreased with soil deepening.With the increase of nitrogen application level,the contents of nitrate nitro⁃gen and ammonium nitrogen in 0-60 cm soil layers were significantly increased.The nitrate nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layers at bud stage was significantly different(P<0.05,the same as below),and the fertilization treatment increased 1.54-2.47 times compared with N0;There was no significant difference in ammonium nitrogen content between N225 and N300 treatments in 0-20 cm soil layer at seedling stage(P>0.05,the same as below),and N450 treatment significantly increased 57%-140%compared with other treatments.The ammonium nitrogen content was abundant at the seedling stage,but it was obviously lacking in the peak bell stage.The nitrate nitrogen content was lac⁃king in the seedling stage and abundant at the peak bell stage.(ii)The dry matter quality,nitrogen content,lint yield,nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of cotton all increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount,and reached the maximum under N300 treatment.The maximum dry matter accumulation of cotton roots,stems,leaves,buds,flowers and bolls under N300 treatment were 4.16,20.33,7.47 and 10.84 g/plant,respectively;The nitrogen accumulation amount of cotton at N300 treat⁃ment was 304.00 kg/hm 2,and the
作者
殷昊
杨阳
张宸
罗宇
张应榕
王娟红
蒋平安
盛建东
陈波浪
YIN Hao;YANG Yang;ZHANG Chen;LUO Yu;ZHANG Ying-rong;WANG Juan-hong;JIANG Ping-an;SHENG Jian-dong;CHEN Bo-lang(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1702-1710,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02033-1)
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02007-2,2020B01001-3)
国家自然科学基金项目(31960629)
新疆维吾尔自治区天山雪松计划(2020XS05)。
关键词
施氮量
棉花
土壤速效氮
产量
Nitrogen application rate
Cotton
Soil available nitrogen
Yield
