摘要
使用2019年全国人口与家庭动态监测调查数据,考察分析了中国女性婚育行为和婚姻观念的最新状况,并比较了不同队列的差异。结果显示:2019年育龄妇女平均初婚年龄为25.24岁,30岁女性未婚比例达到13.77%,年轻队列婚姻推迟明显;总和生育率为1.67,二胎多于一胎,全面两孩政策继续发挥作用;妇女平均初育年龄为26.96岁,曾生子女数平均为1.64个,年轻队列生得更晚、更少,生育高峰右移;妇女理想婚育年龄不断推迟,理想子女数逐渐减少,男孩偏好随队列推迟而减弱,婚育观念的队列差异十分明显,“90后”婚育观念更为开放和积极。对此提出了构建新型婚育文化、加强性别平等意识、发展多样式照料服务体系等建议,鼓励年轻人适龄婚育,避免女性生育惩罚,减轻生育养育压力。
Using 2019 national population and household dynamic monitoring survey data,this paper inspects the behaviors and concepts of marriage and childbearing among young women in China.The results show that the mean age of first marriage was 25.24 years old and the proportion of unmarried women aged 30 reached 13.77%in 2019,indicating the marriage of young cohorts was significantly delayed.The total fertility rate was 1.667,with a higher fertility rate of second birth than that of first birth,which means the continuous effect of the universal two-child policy.The average age of women at fist birth was 26.96 years old,the average number of children ever born was 1.64,and young cohorts gave births later and less,the peak of ferticity meved to the right.The ideal age of marriage and childbearing kept delaying,the number of ideal children gradually decreased,and son preferences weakened along with the delay of cohorts.These results suggest significant cohort differences in concepts of marriage and childbearing among women in China,while,the post-90s were more open and positive about marriage and childbearing.In this regard,some suggestions are put forward,such as the government and society should construct a new marriage and maternity culture,strengthen the awareness of gender quality,and develop multi-level care service system to encourage young people to get married and give births at the right age,and reduce motherhood penalty and parenting stress.
作者
杨胜慧
张现苓
YANG Sheng-hui;ZHANG Xian-ling
出处
《北京社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第10期95-106,共12页
Social Sciences of Beijing
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(18CRK011)——中国妇女队列生育水平及变动趋势研究。
关键词
青年女性
婚育行为
婚育观念
队列差异
young women
marriage and childbearing behaviors
marriage and childbearing concepts
cohort differences
