摘要
【目的】探究控制排水条件下不同施氮水平对棉花生长、吸氮量和产量的影响,为长江中下游地区棉花稳产、增收提供科学指导。【方法】以“晶华棉112”为供试作物,设置2种控制排水模式(控制排水和非控制排水,分别记为KS和FKS)和5个施氮水平(0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm^(2),分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4),采用完全随机区组设计,测定不同处理下的棉花关键生育期叶片SPAD、盛花期株高和成熟期不同器官干物质积累量、吸氮量,籽棉产量及其构成因子。【结果】与FKS排水模式下相比,KS排水模式下减氮处理(N1、N2和N3)的棉花蕾期—吐絮期叶片SPAD、盛花期株高、成熟期干物质积累量、吸氮量、单株铃数、单铃质量及衣分显著增加,进而促进了籽棉产量提升。与农民习惯施氮水平(N4)相比,FKS排水模式下的N1、N2、N3处理的籽棉产量显著下降,而KS排水模式下仅有N1处理和N2处理的籽棉产量显著下降。KSN3处理下的籽棉产量与KSN4处理相比差异不显著,但蕾花铃的干物质量及吸氮量占总干物质量及总吸氮量的比例显著提高。【结论】控制排水条件下减氮25%有利于维持棉花生长,并促进干物质量积累和氮素吸收,有利于干物质量与氮素向棉花生殖器官的分配,从而获得较高的籽棉产量。
【Objective】Soil nitrogen and groundwater table are two abiotic factors affecting crop growth in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River in Southern China.This paper aims to investigate the combined impact of nitrogen fertilization and controlled drainage on growth,nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.【Method】The variety Jinghua Mian 112 was used as the model plant,and the experiment consisted of two drainage treatments:conventional drainage(FKS)and controlled drainage(KS).Each irrigation had five nitrogen treatments:applying 0(N0),90(N1),180(N2),270(N3)and 360 kg/hm^(2)(N4)of nitrogen.In each treatment,we measured the leaf SPAD at fertility stage,plant height and leaves at blooming stage,dry matter accumulation in different organs at maturity stage,as well as nitrogen uptake,and yield of the cotton.【Result】Compared with FKS,controlled drainage combined with a reduction in nitrogen application significantly increased leaf SPAD and plant height at flowering stage,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake at maturity stage,boll numbers per plant,boll weight per boll and yield at maturity stage.Reducing nitrogen application without implementing controlled drainage reduced cotton yield,while under controlled drainage,reducing nitrogen application from N4 to N3 did not give rise to a noticeable reduction in cotton yield.KS+N3 increased the dry matter mass,nitrogen uptake per unit dry matter,and total nitrogen uptake in the bud and boll,significantly.【Conclusion】Reducing nitrogen application currently used by farmers by 25%combined with a controlled drainage is not only beneficial to cotton growth and promotes dry matter accumulation,but also increases nitrogen uptake and its subsequent allocation to reproductive organs,thereby increasing cotton yield.
作者
吴倩
吴启侠
邓超
刘凯文
漆栋良
朱建强
WU Qian;WU Qixia;DENG Chao;LIU Kaiwen;QI Dongliang;ZHU Jianqiang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Jingzhou Agro-meteorology Experimental Station of Hubei Province,Jingzhou 434020,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期32-38,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金区域重点联合基金项目(U21A2039)。
关键词
控制排水
施氮
棉花产量
干物质
水氮耦合
controlled drainage
nitrogen application
cotton yield
dry matter
water and nitrogen coupling
