摘要
为筛选烟草镰刀菌根腐病(Fusarium spp.)的高效拮抗菌株,通过平板对峙、盆栽和大田复筛试验,从平顶山烟区烟株根际土壤中分离筛选拮抗菌;利用形态观察、生理生化测试和16S rDNA序列分析对拮抗菌进行鉴定,并对拮抗菌抗镰刀菌根腐病的机理进行研究。结果表明:从10份土壤样品中共分离土壤微生物菌株512株,其中以L210菌株对镰刀菌根腐病抑制效果最好,平板对峙抑菌直径71.4 mm,抑菌率为68.2%;盆栽和大田防病试验的发病率分别为0、6%,病情指数分别为0、1.5,防治效果分别为100%和77.9%。初步鉴定L210菌株为液化沙雷氏菌(Serratia liquefaciens),其抑菌机理为溶解尖孢镰刀菌的菌丝,使其失去侵染能力,进而抑制病原菌的生长。菌株发酵液中含有几丁质酶和纤维素酶,可溶解病原菌的细胞壁,还可显著诱导提高烟苗中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等防御酶的活性。因此,菌株L210在烟草镰刀菌根腐病的生物防治中具有较大的应用潜力。
In order to screen highly effective antagonistic strains against tobacco Fusarium spp.,the antagonistic bacterium were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants in Pingdingshan tobacco-growing area by plate confrontation,pot culture and field screening tests.The antagonistic bacterium were identified by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The mechanism of antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium spp.root rot was also investigated.The results showed that a total of 512 soil microbial strains were isolated from 10 soil samples,of which strain L210 had the best inhibitory effect on Fusarium spp.root rot with a bacteriostatic diameter in plate confrontation test of 71.4 mm and an inhibitory rate of 68.2%.The disease incidence rate in pot and field tests were 0 and 6%,the disease index was 0 and 1.5,and the control effect was 100%and 77.9%,respectively.L210 was identified as Serratia liquefaciens,and the antibacterial mechanism was on the growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria,dissolution of Fusarium oxysporum mycelia,which caused the pathogen to lose its infectivity.The fermentation broth contained chitinase and cellulase,which could dissolve the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria;the fermentation broth of this strain could also significantly induce and increase the activities of defense enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL).Strain L210 thus has great potential for biological control of Fusarium root rot in tobacco.
作者
贾方方
许跃奇
阎海涛
何晓冰
李俊营
刘冬梅
王亚月
常栋
JIA Fangfang;XU Yueqi;YAN Haitao;HE Xiaobing;LI Junying;LIU Dongmei;WANG Yayue;CHANG Dong(Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions,Department of Biology and Food Science,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China;Pingdingshan Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Pingdingshan 467000,Henan,China)
出处
《烟草科技》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第10期40-48,共9页
Tobacco Science & Technology
基金
河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司科技项目“基于烟草根茎类病害防治的菌肥研发及配套技术研究”(PYKJ202101)
河南省青年人才托举工程资助项目“基于碳氮平衡的植烟土壤保育技术研究”(2020HYTP024)
青年人才托举工程资助项目“基于生物炭的植烟土壤改良效应及其微生态机理研究”(2017QNRC001)。
关键词
烟草
镰刀菌根腐病
拮抗菌
相对防效
Tobacco
Fusarium spp.root rot
Antagonistic bacterium
Relative control efficacy
