摘要
《联合国海洋法公约》中参考规则具有扩张《公约》海洋环境保护法律机制范围的巨大潜力。近年来,国际司法实践也出现利用该规则发展《公约》体系的尝试。鉴于此,检视《公约》中参考规则,分析其适用范围和效力边界成为兼具理论与实践意义的命题。参考规则的立法目的在于协调冲突和平衡利益。考虑到参考规则对非缔约国不受约束原则的冲击,其适用范围应当严格受限,不能扩大至超出污染防治的其他环境保护问题。针对不同来源的污染,其发挥的作用也有所区别,应在个案中对相关要件进行严格解释。同时,参考规则及其意涵也有助于准确界定解释《公约》第十二部分的适宜主体,理解条约解释中的整体性要求,把握“其他国际法规则”的引入及其界限等问题。
Rule of reference in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS) has the great potential to expand the regime on marine environmental protection of the Convention.In recent years,as indicated by international jurisprudence,there have been attempts to make use of this technique to develop the framework of UNCLOS.In this regard,examining the rule of reference as contained in UNCLOS and discerning its applicable scope and boundaries is both theoretically and practically relevant.The purpose of rule of reference is to resolve conflicts and balance different interests.Considering the rule's potential conflict with the pacta tertiis principle,the application of rule of reference should be strictly limited and shall not expand to environmental protection matters other than the prevention and control of marine pollution.For different sources of marine pollution,effects of rule of reference also differ and should be carefully examined on a case-by-case basis.At the same time,the inclusion of rule of reference also exerts implications on the interpretation of Part XII of UNCLOS.Implications can be drawn in aspects such as the suitable subject of interpretation,the inherent necessity to treat the Convention as a whole in treaty interpretation and the incorporation of extraneous international rules and its limits.
作者
虞楚箫
Yu Chuxiao(Research Institute of Environmental Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072)
出处
《政法论丛》
北大核心
2023年第5期61-73,共13页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“统筹发展与安全的涉外管辖权研究”(项目编号22JJD820011)之阶段性研究成果。
关键词
《海洋法公约》
参考规则
海洋环境保护
条约解释
UNCLOS
rule of reference
protection of the marine environment
treaty interpretation
