摘要
随着马克思理论体系的完善,“无产阶级”概念逐渐走向成熟。“无产阶级”最初诞生于法哲学批判阶段。借助德国解放这一现实背景,马克思阐述了无产阶级的形成、组成和历史使命,呈现出一个丰富而完整的理论形象。但这时的“无产阶级”还是一个抽象的哲学概念,其实质是为完成德国解放而被拟定的“上帝的选民”。真正从现实的物质利益中阐发这一概念是在马克思转向政治经济学批判之后。在唯物史观和剩余价值理论的基础之上,无产阶级现实经验性的一面和政治建构性的一面被揭示,成为既有内在革命动力,又有外在革命能力的现实力量。总结批判转向中“无产阶级”概念的变化会发现,它在本质规定、历史使命和政治建构性上都得到了深化,生成逻辑也发生了转变。对这些变化进行梳理将有助于我们理解成熟的“无产阶级”概念,也有助于我们思考现代无产阶级遭遇的困境。
With the improvement of Marx's theoretical system,the concept of"proletariat"gradually matures."Proletariat"was first born in the stage of critique of legal philosophy.With the support of the realistic background of German liberation,Marx expounded the formation,composition and historical mission of the proletariat,presenting a rich and complete theoretical image.But the"proletariat"at this stage was still an abstract philosophical concept,and its essence was the"chosen people of God"drawn up to complete the liberation of Germany.It was after Marx turning to the critique of political economy that the concept was really elucidated from the real material interests.On the basis of historical materialism and the surplus value theory,the empirical side and the political construction side of the proletariat are revealed,becoming a real force with both internal revolutionary power and external revolutionary ability.Summarizing the changes in the concept of"proletariat"in the critical turn helps to find that its essential provisions,historical missions and political construction have been deepened,and its generative logic has also changed.Sorting out these changes will not only help to understand the mature concept of the"proletariat"but also to think about the dilemma encountered by the modern proletariat.
作者
李素琴
LI Su-qin(School of Marxism,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《内蒙古大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2023年第3期25-30,共6页
Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
中国人民大学马克思主义学院科研基金项目(项目批准号:581121118321)。
关键词
无产阶级
法哲学批判
政治经济学批判
嬗变
Proletariat
critique of legal philosophy
critique of political economy
evolution
