摘要
权利在当代社会中具有非常重要的意义,因此它们是特别需要辩护的。所谓辩护,就是把权利建立在某种坚实的基础之上。目前政治哲学对权利的辩护主要有三种,即自然权利理论、意志理论和利益理论。虽然自然权利理论拥有悠久的历史,但是它处于最弱的地位。当代大多数政治哲学家或者赞同意志理论,或者赞同利益理论,但是这两种理论各自都存在一些困难。一般而言,利益理论能够合理地解释权利,但是它不能合理地解释义务;意志理论既不能合理地解释权利,也不能合理地解释义务。因此,我们需要为权利创建一种更好的理论解释。这种更好的理论解释就是“后果主义的契约论”。
Because the rights have a very important meaning in contemporary society,they need very to be justified.The justification means to put the rights on a firm base.There are three justifications of rights in political philosophy,which they are theory of the natural rights,the will theory,and the interest theory.The theory of natural rights has a very long history,but it is most disadvantaged of the three theories.The most contemporary political philosophies agree with the will theory,or the interest theory,but both of them have some difficulties.Generally,the interest theory can explain rights rationally,but it can't explain obligations rationally;The will theory can't rationally explain both of rights and obligations.So,we need to construct a better theory for rights,that is"consequentialist contractualism".
出处
《学术月刊》
北大核心
2023年第9期5-13,30,共10页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“平等主义之后的哲学研究”(20AZX013)的成果。
关键词
政治哲学
权利
义务
道德
法律
political philosophy
right
obligation
morality
law
