摘要
木醋液是生物质热解制炭产生的高价值酸性副产物,具有来源丰富、无污染、成本低等特点。如果将木醋液中的成分进行转化并加以利用,对促进生物质资源利用具有重要意义。木醋液的主要成分为有机酸、醇类、酚类、醛类和酮类等多种有机物和微量金属元素,具有刺激作物生长、抑制病原菌生长和抗氧化的作用,通过不同的制备工艺和增效技术将木醋液应用于植物上是目前的研究热点。通常,木醋液生产途径可分为工业生产木醋液和实验室制备木醋液,但初步制备出的木醋液含有某些有毒物质,需要进一步精制,精制的过程主要采用过滤法、活性炭吸附法、蒸馏法、静置法、低温法、萃取法等。笔者基于近年来国内外木醋液的研究动态,简述了木醋液的制取和精制,分析了目前木醋液精制方法的优缺点,介绍了木醋液对植物生长的作用机理;概述了木醋液在粮食、水果、蔬菜和其他作物上的增效技术和应用效果,总结出木醋液具有促进种子发芽和植物生长、抑制作物病原菌、提高作物产量和抗逆性以及改良土壤等功能。然而,木醋液在开发和利用方面尚无明确的统一标准,且对植物的增效机制尚不明确。今后,研究重点应主要集中在不同原料和不同工艺制备的木醋液对植物促生的作用机理和土壤的改良机理等方面,研究结果将为木醋液开发、高效利用及农业绿色发展提供参考。
Wood vinegar is a high-value acidic by-product obtained by biomass pyrolysis,which has the advantages of abundant sources,no pollution and low cost.It is of great significance to promote the utilization of biomass resources if the components in wood vinegar are converted and utilized.The main components of wood vinegar are organic acids,alcohols,phenols,aldehydes and ketones,and trace metal elements,which can stimulate crop growth,inhibit pathogenic bacteria growth and resist oxidation.The application of wood vinegar to plants by different synergistic techniques is a research hotspot at present.Generally,the utilization of wood vinegar can be divided into laboratory preparation and industrial production.However,the preliminarily prepared wood vinegar contains some toxic substances,which needs to be further refined.The refining processes mainly include filtration,activated carbon adsorption,distillation,standing,and low temperature extraction.Based on the research trends of wood vinegar domestically and internationally in recent years,the preparation and refining of wood vinegar were briefly described,and the advantages and disadvantages of the current refining methods of wood vinegar were analyzed.For example,the filtration could selectively filter organic components,but the operation was complicated,and the cost was high.The activated carbon adsorption was low in cost,simple in operation,and good performance in refining,but its selectivity and pertinence were poor,and a small amount of organic acids was also removed.The mechanism of wood vinegar on plant growth was introduced.For example,spraying wood vinegar on crops could increase chlorophyll content,proline content,amylase activity and protease activity,thus increasing crop yield and drought resistance.At the same time,applying wood vinegar to the soil can reduce the soil pH and promote the ion migration among soil colloids,thus increasing the available phosphorus content in the soil.The increasing efficiency technology and application effect of wood vinegar
作者
张立丹
霍鹏举
梁嘉敏
郭涛
樊小林
孙少龙
ZHANG Lidan;HUO Pengju;LIANG Jiamin;GUO Tao;FAN Xiaolin;SUN Shaolong(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期27-36,共10页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(22178137)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-31)。
关键词
木醋液
制备工艺
作用机理
植物生长
增效技术
生物质热解
wood vinegar
preparation process
action mechanism
plant growth
synergistic technology
biomass pyrolysis
